官僚集中制

Chinese

		bureaucratic; bureaucrat; apparatchik	to concentrate; to focus; to bring together to concentrate; to focus; to bring together; to assemble; to converge	system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate
trad. (官僚集中制)		官僚	集中	制
simp. #(官僚集中制)		官僚	集中	制

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guānliáo jízhōngzhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄐㄧˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ liu⁴ zaap⁶ zung¹ zai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáo jízhōngzhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄐㄧˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáo jíjhongjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹-liao² chi²-chung¹-chih⁴
    • Yale: gwān-lyáu jí-jūng-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliau jyijongjyh
    • Palladius: гуаньляо цзичжунчжи (guanʹljao czičžunčži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gun¹ liu⁴ zaap⁶ zung¹ zai³
    • Yale: gūn lìuh jaahp jūng jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ liu⁴ dzaap⁹ dzung¹ dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ liu⁴ zab⁶ zung¹ zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹ t͡saːp̚² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

Noun

官僚集中制

1. bureaucratic centralism

   Antonym: 民主集中制 (mínzhǔ jízhōngzhì)

   • 處此情形之下，黨的領導機關要想恢復黨的基礎，形成黨的紀律，必須根本改變政治路線和組織路線，以民主集中制代替官僚集中制，實行討論和批評的自由，產生能夠使群眾在自己的經驗中相信是正確的策略與戰術，以接近廣大的勞動群眾；必如此，才可形成真正的行動統一，抵禦敵人的進攻。 [MSC, trad.]
     处此情形之下，党的领导机关要想恢复党的基础，形成党的纪律，必须根本改变政治路线和组织路线，以民主集中制代替官僚集中制，实行讨论和批评的自由，产生能够使群众在自己的经验中相信是正确的策略与战术，以接近广大的劳动群众；必如此，才可形成真正的行动统一，抵御敌人的进攻。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1929 December 15, 陳獨秀等 (Chen Duxiu et al.), 《我們的政治意見書》 ("Our Political Opinions")

     Chù cǐ qíngxíng zhī xià, dǎng de lǐngdǎo jīguān yào xiǎng huīfù dǎng de jīchǔ, xíngchéng dǎng de jìlǜ, bìxū gēnběn gǎibiàn zhèngzhì lùxiàn hé zǔzhī lùxiàn, yǐ mínzhǔjízhōngzhì dàitì guānliáojízhōngzhì, shíxíng tǎolùn hé pīpíng de zìyóu, chǎnshēng nénggòu shǐ qúnzhòng zài zìjǐ de jīngyàn zhōng xiàngxìn shì zhèngquè de cèlüè yǔ zhànshù, yǐ jiējìn guǎngdà de láodòng qúnzhòng; bì rúcǐ, cái kě xíngchéng zhēnzhèng de xíngdòng tǒngyī, dǐyù dírén de jìngōng. [Pinyin]

     Under these circumstances, if the party's leadership wish to restore the party's foundation and form party's discipline, [they] must fundamentally change the political and organizational road map by replacing bureaucratic centralism with democratic centralism, implementing freedom of discussion and criticism, and producing strategies and tactics that the people find relatable and genuinely approve of, so as to engage the broad laboring masses; only thus can a real cohesive movement take shape [to] resist enemies' attacks.