宏

宏 U+5B8F, 宏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8F ← 宎 [U+5B8E] CJK Unified Ideographs 宐 → [U+5B90]

Translingual

Han character

宏 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大戈 (JKI), four-corner 3043₂, composition ⿱宀厷)

Derived characters

• 𫢦, 𠴈, 𫭊, 㙆, 峵, 𤥠, 硡, 𤈻, 浤, 𪰧, 鋐, 𮙎, 𨴵

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7086
• Dae Jaweon: page 556, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 916, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5B8F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (厷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
肱	*kʷɯːŋ
宏	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
閎	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
吰	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
竑	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
谹	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
翃	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
紘	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
鈜	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
浤	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
耾	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
雄	*ɡʷɯŋ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		宏
alternative forms		宖 ancient 厷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hong²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wang⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fèn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fen²

• Jin (Wiktionary): hung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hèng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵ / kuêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hong²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
    • Wade–Giles: hung²
    • Yale: húng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
    • Palladius: хун (xun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: hong²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wang⁴
    • Yale: wàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: weng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fen^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fen²
    • Sinological IPA: /fen¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fen²
    • Sinological IPA: /fən¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hong⁵ / kuêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông / khuêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• hong5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
• kuêng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghon
    • MiniDict: ghon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: hong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /xʊŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /xən¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 宏
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xoŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/xoŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦoŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦoŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦoŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/xan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xoŋ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/fen¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/fen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/huŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hɔŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hweang

Rime
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (118)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸萌切
Baxter	hweang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠwɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣwæŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤ<r>əŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng
Middle Chinese	‹ hwɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁ<r>əŋ/
English	resounding; great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
No.	4130
Phonetic component	厷
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宏
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Definitions

宏

1. (originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast

   See also: 弘

2. extensive
3. loud and clear; resounding
4. (alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand
5. (computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program)
6. a surname

Compounds

• 博學宏詞 / 博学宏词
• 大展宏圖 / 大展宏图 (dàzhǎnhóngtú)
• 宏亮 (hóngliàng)
• 宏偉 / 宏伟 (hóngwěi)
• 宏偉壯觀 / 宏伟壮观
• 宏儒碩學 / 宏儒硕学
• 宏器
• 宏圖 / 宏图 (hóngtú)
• 宏壯 / 宏壮 (hóngzhuàng)
• 宏大 (hóngdà)
• 宏宏
• 宏富 (hóngfù)
• 宏志
• 宏揚 / 宏扬 (hóngyáng)
• 宏放
• 宏敞
• 宏旨 (hóngzhǐ)
• 宏明
• 宏材大略
• 宏構 / 宏构
• 宏碩 / 宏硕
• 宏綱 / 宏纲
• 宏規 / 宏规
• 宏覽 / 宏览
• 宏觀 / 宏观 (hóngguān)
• 宏論 / 宏论 (hónglùn)
• 宏辯 / 宏辩
• 宏達 / 宏达
• 宏邈
• 宏都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
• 宏願 / 宏愿 (hóngyuàn)
• 宏麗 / 宏丽
• 寬宏 / 宽宏 (kuānhóng)
• 寬宏大量 / 宽宏大量 (kuānhóng dàliàng)
• 崇論宏議 / 崇论宏议
• 恢宏 (huīhóng)
• 恢宏大度
• 欒櫨宏敞 / 栾栌宏敞
• 泓宏
• 無關宏旨 / 无关宏旨
• 立論精宏 / 立论精宏
• 駿業宏發 / 骏业宏发
• 駿業宏興 / 骏业宏兴

 

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		宏
alternative forms		吰 wang nonstandard wung nonstandard

Compare Mandarin 嗡 (wēng).

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wang¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wang¹
    • Yale: wāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: weng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

宏 (Cantonese, onomatopoeia)

1. buzzing sound
2. buzzing; humming; making a humming sound

Derived terms

• we we宏宏 (Cantonese)

 

References

• “宏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

宏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: おう (ō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 宏い)

Proper noun

宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

宏 (eumhun 클 굉 (keul goeng))

1. large; great

Compounds

Compounds

• 굉곽 (宏廓, goenggwak)
• 굉구 (宏構, goenggu)
• 굉규 (宏規, goenggyu)
• 굉기 (宏器, goenggi)
• 굉달 (宏達, goengdal)
• 굉대 (宏大, goengdae)
• 굉도 (宏圖, goengdo)
• 굉렬 (宏烈, goengnyeol)
• 굉모 (宏謀, goengmo)
• 굉박 (宏博, goengbak)
• 굉변 (宏辯, goengbyeon)
• 굉부 (宏富, goengbu)
• 굉사 (宏肆, goengsa)
• 굉업 (宏業, goeng'eop)
• 굉원 (宏遠, goeng'won)
• 굉유 (宏猷, goeng'yu)
• 굉유 (宏儒, goeng'yu)
• 굉음 (宏飮, goeng'eum)
• 굉장 (宏壯, goengjang)
• 굉장 (宏莊, goengjang)
• 굉재 (宏材, goengjae)
• 굉재 (宏才, goengjae)
• 굉재탁식 (宏才卓識, goengjaetaksik)
• 굉창 (宏敞, goengchang)
• 굉홍 (宏弘, goenghong)
• 굉활 (宏闊, goenghwal)
• 굉후 (宏厚, goenghu)
• 굉휴 (宏休, goenghyu)
• 연굉 (淵宏, yeon'goeng)
• 웅굉 (雄宏, unggoeng)
• 회굉 (恢宏, hoegoeng)

Vietnamese

Han character

宏: Hán Nôm readings: hoãng, hoành, giang

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.