宀

See also: 冖, 亠, and ウ

宀 U+5B80, 宀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B80 ← 孿 [U+5B7F] CJK Unified Ideographs 宁 → [U+5B81]

⼧ U+2F27, ⼧ KANGXI RADICAL ROOF ← ⼦ [U+2F26] Kangxi Radicals ⼨ → [U+2F28]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

宀 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 戈月 (IB) or 難戈月 (XIB), composition ⿱丶冖)

1. Kangxi radical #40, ⼧.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/宀
• 穴, 字, 㲾, 灾, 牢, 𡥜, 𧯜, 𤇵, 𭴠, 梥, 𢜇, 𭝜, 𮔉, 賔, 賓, 𪀱, 䥌, 𭒲, 𧔃
• 𤡛, 㺙, 𥢃, 𤪓, 𦣙, 𥘀, 𧁸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 281, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7054
• Dae Jaweon: page 551, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 909, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5B80

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宀
alternative forms		𰃦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宀
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a house; similar to 广. According to Wang Yun (王筠), the latter character depicts a building with three walls, while the former depicts a house with four walls.

Today, the pictogram appears smaller, but a conservative character is 𰃦, which appears in 向. See also the top component of 冡 and the original version of 叟.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mián (mian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): biân / bô͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mián
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mián
    • Wade–Giles: mien²
    • Yale: myán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn³⁵/

Note: 寶蓋頭/宝盖头 when used as a component.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: min⁴
    • Yale: mìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biân / bô͘
    • Tâi-lô: biân / bôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bieen, boo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn¹³/, /bɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn²³/, /bɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjien

Rime
Character	宀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武延切
Baxter	mjien
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mian/
Li Rong	/miɛn/
Wang Li	/mĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*me[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*men/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mián
Middle Chinese	‹ mjien ›
Old Chinese	/*me[ŋ]/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
English	house, building
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宀
Reading #	1/1
No.	9028
Phonetic component	宀
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	緜
Old Chinese	/*men/

Definitions

宀

1. a type of deep house with walls on all four sides, a roof, a main hall, and back rooms
2. a kind of flower
3. Kangxi radical #40 宀 (“roof”)

Usage notes

As a component, often referred to as 寶蓋／宝盖 (bǎogài) or 寶蓋頭／宝盖头 (bǎogàitóu).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C02462

Japanese

Kanji

宀

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. “roof” radical (ウ冠, u-kanmuri; literally “u-crown”)

Readings

• Go-on: めん (men)
• Kan-on: べん (ben)

Korean

Hanja

宀 (eumhun 집 면 (jip myeon))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

宀: Hán Nôm readings: miên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation