孤寂

Chinese

		lone; lonely	lonesome
trad. (孤寂)		孤	寂
simp. #(孤寂)		孤	寂

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gūjì, gūjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ zik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-che̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūjì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gujì
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-chi⁴
    • Yale: gū-jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gujih
    • Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

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      edit edit 估計 / 估计 孤寂

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gují
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-chi²
    • Yale: gū-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gujyi
    • Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹ zik⁶
    • Yale: gū jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ dzik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ jig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-che̍k
    • Tâi-lô: koo-tsi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kozek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: ku dzek

Rime
Character	孤	寂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	古胡切	前歷切
Baxter	ku	dzek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/	/d͡zek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/	/d͡zek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/	/d͡zɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/	/d͡zɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ko/	/d͡zek̚/
Wang Li	/ku/	/d͡ziek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo/	/d͡zʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū	jí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu1	zik6

Adjective

孤寂

1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate

   《百年孤寂》  ―  “Bǎi Nián Gūjì”  ―  One Hundred Years of Solitude

   • 時人見余守孤寂，為言一生無所益。余則閒吟孤寂章，始知光陰不虛擲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     时人见余守孤寂，为言一生无所益。余则闲吟孤寂章，始知光阴不虚掷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 800, Danxia Tianran, 《孤寂吟》

     Shírén jiàn yú shǒu gūjì, wèi yán yīshēng wúsuǒ yì. Yú zé xián yín gūjì zhāng, shǐ zhī guāngyīn bù xūzhì. [Pinyin]

     When people these days see me remain in my lonesomeness, they say that I have had no profit my entire life. But when I leisurely recite my works of solitude, only then do I know I have not squandered my days.

   • 掃地焚香晝掩關，此身孤寂此心閑。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: c. 1600, 善修 (Seonsu), 《山中閑咏》 ("Leisurely tunes amid the mountains"), 《浮休堂大師集》 (Works of Great Master Buhyu-dang)

     Soji bunhyang ju eom gwan, cha sin gojeok cha sim han. [Sino-Korean]

     Sweeping the floor and burning incense, shutting the doors during day―this body of mine is desolate, but this spirit of mine is leisurely.

Synonyms

edit

• 俗 (Hokkien)
• 孤單 / 孤单 (gūdān)
• 孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
• 孤獨 / 孤独 (gūdú)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 寂寥 (jìliáo)
• 挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
• 落寞 (luòmò)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孤寂):

• → Korean: 고적(孤寂) (gojeok)
• → Vietnamese: cô tịch (孤寂)