堡

堡	U+5821, 堡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5821

Translingual

Han character

堡 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人木土 (ODG), four-corner 2610₄, composition ⿱保土)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5254
Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 13
Unihan data for U+5821

Chinese

trad.		堡
simp. ^#		堡
alternative forms		㙅堢𡋠𪧕葆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
襃	puː, puː
保	*puːʔ
堡	*puːʔ
褓	*puːʔ
堢	*puːʔ
緥	*puːʔ
葆	*puːʔ
賲	*puːʔ
宲	*puːʔ
椺	ɦmluːʔ, ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎo (bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pó
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bou²
  - Yale: bóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo³
  - Sinological IPA: /po³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó
  - Tâi-lô: pó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poir
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pau
  - MiniDict: pau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pawX

Rime
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博抱切
Baxter	pawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paw^X/
Li Rong	/pɑu^X/
Wang Li	/pɑu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
No.	319
Phonetic component	保
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寶
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/
Notes	同堢，古作保

Definitions

堡

small camp; small mud fortification
fort; fortress
Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”).
雞腿堡／鸡腿堡 ― jītuǐ bǎo ― chicken sandwich

Usage notes

Often used in phono-semantic matchings to translate English and German -burg, or English -burgh, etc.
Some place names or surnames with the component Berg are also translated with 堡, but this is a result of confusion between Burg and Berg, with the latter meaning "mountain" instead of "castle". Nowadays Berg is usually transliterated as 貝格 / 贝格 or 伯格, except in a few examples such as 紐倫堡 / 纽伦堡 (Niǔlúnbǎo, “Nuremberg”), 海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo, “Heidelberg”), and 海森堡 (Hǎisēnbǎo, “Heisenberg”).

Compounds

丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
伊斯坦堡 (Yīsītǎnbǎo)
匹茲堡 / 匹兹堡 (Pǐzībǎo)
古堡
土木堡
城堡 (chéngbǎo)
堡塢 / 堡坞
堡壘 / 堡垒 (bǎolěi)
堡砦 / 堡寨
堡礁 (bǎojiāo)
安平古堡
布綸堡 / 布纶堡
愛丁堡 / 爱丁堡 (Àidīngbǎo)
托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
橋頭堡 / 桥头堡 (qiáotóubǎo)
海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo)
漢堡 / 汉堡 (hànbǎo)
盧森堡 / 卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo)
碉堡 (diāobǎo)
空中堡壘 / 空中堡垒
空頭堡 / 空头堡
聖彼得堡 / 圣彼得堡 (Shèng Bǐdébǎo)
西臺古堡 / 西台古堡
關堡 / 关堡
馬德堡 / 马德堡

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǔ, bǎo (bu³, bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ, ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pu³
  - Yale: bǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buu
  - Palladius: бу (bu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bou²
  - Yale: bóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/

Definitions

堡

(often in placenames) town or village with walls
吳堡／吴堡 ― Wúbǔ ― Wubu (county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)

Compounds

吳堡 / 吴堡 (Wúbǔ)
堡子
張家口堡 / 张家口堡 (Zhāngjiākǒubǔ)
柴溝堡 / 柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
紅寺堡 / 红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ, “Hongsibu”)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pù, bǎo (pu⁴, bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ, ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pù
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pù
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
  - Yale: pù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pou³
  - Yale: pou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯³³/

Definitions

堡

Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”).
- 烏魯木齊地窩堡國際機場 [MSC, trad.]
  乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场 [MSC, simp.]
  Wūlǔmùqí Dìwōpù Guójì Jīchǎng [Pinyin]
  Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport

Compounds

三十里堡 (Sānshílǐpù)
十里堡 (Shílǐpù)

Japanese

Kanji

堡

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ほ (ho)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)
Kun: とりで (toride)

Korean

Hanja

堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)

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Vietnamese

Han character

堡: Hán Nôm readings: bảo

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