儒雅

Chinese

		scholar; Confucian	elegant
trad. (儒雅)		儒	雅
simp. ^#(儒雅)		儒	雅

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúyǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄧㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ ngaa⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jû-ngá / lû-ngá

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúyǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄧㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúyǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-ya³
  - Yale: rú-yǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruyea
  - Palladius: жуя (žuja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ ngaa⁵
  - Yale: yùh ngáh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ ngaa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ nga⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ ŋaː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ngá
  - Tâi-lô: jû-ngá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jungar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ngá
  - Tâi-lô: lû-ngá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lungar
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋã⁵³/

Middle Chinese: nyu ngaeX

Rime
Character	儒	雅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	人朱切	五下切
Baxter	nyu	ngaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/	/ŋˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/	/ŋᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/	/ŋa^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/	/ŋaɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ȵio/	/ŋa^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/	/ŋa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/	/ŋa^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	yǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	ngaa⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*no N-ɢˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njo ŋraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儒	雅
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	yǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu ›	‹ ngæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*no/	/*N-ɢˁraʔ/
English	侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list)	proper, refined
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儒	雅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13969	14182
Phonetic component	需	牙
Rime group	侯	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	儒	雅
Old Chinese	/*njo/	/*ŋraːʔ/

Adjective

儒雅

(literary) erudite; learned; well-educated
- 吉凶之書，伐經典之義；工伎之說，凌儒雅之論。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吉凶之书，伐经典之义；工伎之说，凌儒雅之论。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
  Jíxiōng zhī shū, fá jīngdiǎn zhī yì; gōngjì zhī shuō, líng rúyǎ zhī lùn. [Pinyin]
  Divination books attack the Canons' good sense,
  And sorcerers talk over learned discourses.
(literary) scholarly and elegant; refined and poised
- 搖落深知宋玉悲，風流儒雅亦吾師。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  摇落深知宋玉悲，风流儒雅亦吾师。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 766, Du Fu (杜甫), Poetic Thoughts on Ancient Sites, II (《詠懷古跡·二》). English translation by Witter Bynner.
  Yáoluò shēnzhī Sòng Yù bēi, fēngliú rúyǎ yì wú shī. [Pinyin]
  "Decay and decline": deep knowledge have I of Sung Yu's grief.
  Romantic and refined, he too is my teacher.
- 無怪其流弊至于今日，陽為道學，陰為富貴，被服儒雅，行若狗彘然也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  无怪其流弊至于今日，阳为道学，阴为富贵，被服儒雅，行若狗彘然也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. late 16th century, Li Zhi (李贄), On the Unity of the Three Teachings in Confucianism (《三教歸儒說》)
  Wúguài qí liúbì zhìyú jīnrì, yáng wèi dàoxué, yīn wèi fùguì, pīfú rúyǎ, xíngruò gǒuzhì rán yě. [Pinyin]
  No wonder the lasting ills now culminate in its full glory: the face of Confucianism, the heart of avarice; the scholarly and elegant apparatus, the bestial and rotten conduct.

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (儒雅):

→ Vietnamese: nho nhã (儒雅)