अस्ति

See also: असत्

Nepali

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʌst̪i]
• Phonetic Devanagari: अस्ति

Adverb

अस्ति • (asti)

1. the day before yesterday
2. last (with days of the week)

   अस्ति सोमबार बेलुकी चाहिँ 'सिस्टम ट्रिप' भएको थियो।

   asti sombār belukī cāhĩ 'sisṭam ṭrip' bhaeko thiyo.

   Last Monday evening there was a system trip.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অস্তি (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬲ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• অস্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• အသ္တိ (Burmese script)
• અસ્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಸ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• អស្តិ (Khmer script)
• ອສ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• അസ്തി (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠰᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଅସ୍ତି (Odia script)
• ꢂꢱ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• අස‍්ති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• அஸ்தி (Tamil script)
• అస్తి (Telugu script)
• อสฺติ (Thai script)
• ཨ་སྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“to be”), from *h₁es-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Latin est, Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist), English is.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́s.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐs̪.t̪i/

Verb

अस्ति • (ásti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, root अस्)

1. to be
2. to live
3. to exist, be present
4. to take place, happen
5. to abide, dwell, stay
6. to belong to (+ genitive or dative)
7. to fall to the share of. happen to any one (+ genitive)
8. to be equal to (+ dative)
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 14
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 11.85:

     तेषां वेदविदो ब्रूयुस्त्रयोऽप्येनः सुनिष्कृतिम् ।
     सा तेषां पावनाय स्यात्पवित्रा विदुषां हि वाक् ॥

     teṣāṃ vedavido brūyustrayoʼpyenaḥ suniṣkṛtim.
     sā teṣāṃ pāvanāya syātpavitrā viduṣāṃ hi vāk.

     By his origin alone a Brahmana is a deity even for the gods
     and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that.

9. to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative)
10. to become
    • c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
11. to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adjective, but also with adverb)

Conjugation

This verb is suppletive; other forms are provided from भवति (bhavati) (from the root भू (bhū)).

Present: अस्ति (ásti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अस्ति ásti	स्तः stáḥ	सन्ति sánti	- -	- -	- -
Second	असि ási	स्थः stháḥ	स्थ / स्थन¹ sthá / sthána¹	- -	- -	- -
First	अस्मि ásmi	स्वः / स्व² sváḥ / sva²	स्मः / स्मसि¹ / स्म² smáḥ / smási¹ / sma²	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	अस्तु ástu	स्ताम् stā́m	सन्तु sántu	- -	- -	- -
Second	एधि / स्तात् edhí / stā́t	स्तम् stám	स्त stá	- -	- -	- -
First	असानि ásāni	असाव ásāva	असाम ásāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	स्यात् syā́t	स्याताम् syā́tām	स्युः syúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	स्याः syā́ḥ	स्यातम् syā́tam	स्यात / स्यातन¹ syā́ta / syā́tana¹	- -	- -	- -
First	स्याम् syā́m	स्याव / स्यावः² syā́va / syāvaḥ²	स्याम / स्यामः² syā́ma / syāmaḥ²	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	असत् / असति ásat / ásati	असतः ásataḥ	असन् ásan	- -	- -	- -
Second	असः / अससि ásaḥ / ásasi	असथः ásathaḥ	असथ ásatha	- -	- -	- -
First	असानि / असा ásāni / ásā	असाव ásāva	असाम ásāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	सत् sát			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic / ²Epic

Imperfect: आसीत् (ā́sīt) or आः (ā́ḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	आसीत् / आः¹ ā́sīt / ā́ḥ¹	आस्ताम् ā́stām	आसन् ā́san	- -	- -	- -
Second	आसीः / आः¹ ā́sīḥ / ā́ḥ¹	आस्तम् ā́stam	आस्त ā́sta	- -	- -	- -
First	आसम् ā́sam	आस्व ā́sva	आस्म ā́sma	- -	- -	- -
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• आस्तिक (āstika)
• नास्ति (nāsti)
• स्वस्तिक (svastika)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘝𑘲 (ātī), 𑘁𑘞𑘲 (āthī)
      • Marathi: आथि (āthi) (poetic)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)
      • Hindustani: āthnā

        Hindi: आथना

        Urdu: آتَھنا (āthanā)

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: اَٿَ (atha)

      Devanagari script: अथ (atha)

• Konkani:
  • Kodiali: असूंचे (asūñce)
  • Goan: आस्चे (āsce)
  • Maharashtrian: आस्चे (āsce) (not to be confused with Marathi असणे (asṇe, “to be”), which comes from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti, “to be”)
• Dardic:
  • Northeast Pashayi: āsta
  • Northwest Pashayi: āsta
  • Southeast Pashayi: āsta
  • Southwest Pashayi: āsta
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: ඇති (æti)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “अस्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 122, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ásti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press