ـش
Appearance
Bulgar
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-شِ (-şi)
- (Volga Bulgar) Suffix creating ordinals.
- Synonym: -م
References
[edit]- Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae[2] (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- اش (-aš) (used for words ending in ـه (-e) (non-joining))
- ـیش (-yaš) (used for words ending in ا (â) and و (u, o))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿aʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿æʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿äʃ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ‿aš |
Dari reading? | ‿aš |
Iranian reading? | ‿aš |
Tajik reading? | ‿aš |
Suffix
[edit]Dari | ـَش |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -аш |
ـش • (-aš)
- Third-person singular possessive suffix.
See also
[edit]singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | ـَم (-am) | ـَمان (-amân) | |
2nd person | ـَت (-at) | ـَتان (-atân) | |
3rd person | ـَش (-aš) | ـَشان (-ašân) |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭 (-išn).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿iʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿eʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿iʃ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ‿iš |
Dari reading? | ‿iš |
Iranian reading? | ‿eš |
Tajik reading? | ‿iš |
Suffix
[edit]Dari | ـِش |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -иш |
ـش • (-eš)
- A suffix appended to the present stem of a verb, forming a noun describing the action of that verb; roughly equivalent to -tion or -ment
Usage notes
[edit]Present stems ending in a long vowel use ـیش (-yeš); for example,
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Pashto: ـښت (-ëx̌t)
References
[edit]- ^ Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235:
- The ending ‑št is rare in early new Persian: it is found in some early Judaeo-Persian texts from Xuzestān and occasionally elsewhere, as is the case of bad‑kuništ, alternating with bad‑kuniš, in the Šāhnāme. Poems written in Širāzi a few centuries later than QQ contain further instances, e.g. ravešt ‘way’, konešt ‘action’, gerevešt ‘belief’. Though mostly limited to a more or less small group of words also recorded in current Persian dictionaries (e.g. gardešt ‘walk’, bālešt ‘cushion’), the diffusion of št-deverbatives (or nominal derivatives) is much larger than generally admitted. Today we find a few in usage in Tehrāni and in Modern Spoken Persian, but they are more consistently documented in the eastern areas of the Iranian plateau: e.g. in Sistān, particularly in the dialect of Saraxs (...), in Xorasāni (...), in Tajik dialects (...), and in Kāboli, from where ‑št stably entered the Pašto morphological system. As for dialects spoken in South Iran, dictionaries record sporadic št-words. (...) Middle Persian (and some Early Judaeo-Persian) deverbatives ended in ‑išn. No one doubts that, from a morphological point of view, -išn/‑iš/‑išt should not be separated. Moreover, scholars generally agree on the fact that ‑t in ‑št is “a secondary addition, after the ‑n had been dropped” and that št-forms are sideforms to š-forms.
Uyghur
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـش • (-sh)
- infinitive ending of verbs having an open syllable
Derived terms
[edit]Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـش not found