ـم
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Bulgar
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ما (ma), مه (me).
Suffix
[edit]ـمَ (-ma, -me)
- Suffix creating emphasis, reduplication.
Derived terms
[edit]- طَنْطُرْمَ (tanturma)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـمْ (-m)
- Suffix equipping ordinal numbers.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language][1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (-om).
Suffix
[edit]| Dari | ـم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | -ум |
ـُم • (-om)
- -th; creates ordinal numbers
- پنجم ― panj-om ― fifth
- بیست و یکم ― bist-o yek-om ― twenty-first
- -th; creates fractions
- یک ششم میوه ― yek šeš-om-e mive ― a sixth of the fruit
Usage notes
[edit]An ordinal number formed by the suffix ـم (-om) behaves syntactically as a regular adjective, unlike the cardinals, and takes the ezâfe.
- بیست قرن ― bist qarn ― twenty centuries
- قرن بیستم ― qarn-e bistom ― twentieth century
Persian has two ways to form the ordinals: ـم (-om), and the related ـمین (-omin). The -om forms have a stronger connotation of labeling, while the -omin forms have a stronger connotation of counting according to a certain criterion. The -omin forms also precede the attributed noun without the ezâfe.
- خانه سوم خیابان ― xâne-ye sevvom-e xiyâbân ― third house on the street [out of all houses]
- سومین خانه سیاه خیابان ― sevvomin xâne-ye siyâh-e xiyâbân ― the third black house on the street
For "first" in isolation (but not in compounds), یکم (yekom) is much less common than the Arabic-borrowed اول (avval).
Uyghur
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـم • (-m)
Usage notes
[edit]- (instantaneous suffix) Harmonic variants:
Uyghur possessive suffixes
| Open syllable | Closed syllable or Open syllable with accent interfixed with ـيـ (-y-) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded vowel | Rounded vowel | |||||||
| Back vowel | Front vowel | Back vowel | Front vowel | Back vowel | Front vowel | |||
| 1st person | singular (my) مېنىڭ (mëning) |
ـم (-m) | ـىم (-im) | ـۇم (-um) | ـۈم (-üm) | |||
| plural (our) بىزنىڭ (bizning) |
ـمىز (-miz) | ـىمىز (-imiz) | ||||||
| 2nd person (your) |
singular | ordinary سېنىڭ (sëning) |
ـڭ (-ng) | ـىڭ (-ing) | ـۇڭ (-ung) | ـۈڭ (-üng) | ||
| refined سىزنىڭ (sizning) |
ـڭىز (-ngiz) | ـىڭىز (-i'ngiz) | ||||||
| plural | ordinary سىلەرنىڭ (silerning) |
ـڭلار (-nglar) | ـىڭلار (-inglar) | ـۇڭلار (-unglar) | ـۈڭلار (-ünglar) | |||
| refined سىزلەرنىڭ (sizlerning) |
ـڭىزلار (-ngizlar) | ـڭىزلەر (-ngizler) | ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar) | ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler) | ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar) | ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler) | ||
| Singular & plural respectful سىلىنىڭ (silining) ھەر قايسىلىرىنىڭ (her qaysilirining) |
ـلىرى (-liri) | |||||||
| 3rd person | Singular & plural (his/her/its/their) ئۇنىڭ (uning) ئۇلارنىڭ (ularning) |
ـسى (-si) | ـى (-i) | |||||