ـم

Bulgar

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ما (ma), مه (me).

Suffix

ـمَ (-ma, -me)

1. Suffix creating emphasis, reduplication.

Derived terms

• طَنْطُرْمَ (tanturma)

Etymology 2

Suffix

ـمْ (-m)

1. Suffix equipping ordinal numbers.

Derived terms

• برم (birim)
• وجم (weçim)
• تواتم (tüwetim)
• بلم (belim)
• وانم (wânım), ونم (wanım)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (-om).

Suffix

Dari	ـم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	-ум

ـُم • (-om)

1. -th; creates ordinal numbers

   پنجم ― panj-om ― fifth

   بیست و یکم ― bist-o yek-om ― twenty-first

2. -th; creates fractions

   یک ششم میوه ― yek šeš-om-e mive ― a sixth of the fruit

Usage notes

An ordinal number formed by the suffix ـم (-om) behaves syntactically as a regular adjective, unlike the cardinals, and takes the ezâfe.

بیست قرن ― bist qarn ― twenty centuries

قرن بیستم ― qarn-e bistom ― twentieth century

Persian has two ways to form the ordinals: ـم (-om), and the related ـمین (-omin). The -om forms have a stronger connotation of labeling, while the -omin forms have a stronger connotation of counting according to a certain criterion. The -omin forms also precede the attributed noun without the ezâfe.

خانه سوم خیابان ― xâne-ye sevvom-e xiyâbân ― third house on the street [out of all houses]

سومین خانه سیاه خیابان ― sevvomin xâne-ye siyâh-e xiyâbân ― the third black house on the street

For "first" in isolation (but not in compounds), یکم (yekom) is much less common than the Arabic-borrowed اول (avval).

Uyghur

Suffix

ـم • (-m)

1. 1st person singular possessive suffix

Usage notes

• (instantaneous suffix) Harmonic variants:

  ـم (-m) is added to open syllable words

  ـىم (-im) is added to close syllable unrounded vowel words

  ـۇم (-um) is added to close syllable rounded back vowel words

  ـۈم (-üm) is added to close syllable rounded front vowel words

Uyghur possessive suffixes

			Open syllable		Closed syllable or Open syllable with accent interfixed with ـيـ (-y-)
					Unrounded vowel		Rounded vowel
			Back vowel	Front vowel	Back vowel	Front vowel	Back vowel	Front vowel
1st person	singular (my) مېنىڭ (mëning)		ـم (-m)		ـىم (-im)		ـۇم (-um)	ـۈم (-üm)
	plural (our) بىزنىڭ (bizning)		ـمىز (-miz)		ـىمىز (-imiz)
2nd person (your)	singular	ordinary سېنىڭ (sëning)	ـڭ (-ng)		ـىڭ (-ing)		ـۇڭ (-ung)	ـۈڭ (-üng)
		refined سىزنىڭ (sizning)	ـڭىز (-ngiz)		ـىڭىز (-i'ngiz)
	plural	ordinary سىلەرنىڭ (silerning)	ـڭلار (-nglar)		ـىڭلار (-inglar)		ـۇڭلار (-unglar)	ـۈڭلار (-ünglar)
		refined سىزلەرنىڭ (sizlerning)	ـڭىزلار (-ngizlar)	ـڭىزلەر (-ngizler)	ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar)	ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler)	ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar)	ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler)
	Singular & plural respectful سىلىنىڭ (silining) ھەر قايسىلىرىنىڭ (her qaysilirining)		ـلىرى (-liri)
3rd person	Singular & plural (his/her/its/their) ئۇنىڭ (uning) ئۇلارنىڭ (ularning)		ـسى (-si)		ـى (-i)

Derived terms

Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـم not found

See also

• Appendix:Uyghur suffixes