اركن

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄rken (“early”), a derivation from *ẹ̄r- (“to be”).

Alternative forms

• اِرْ (er), اِیرْ (er)

Adjective

اِرْكَنْ • (erkän)

1. early

Adverb

اِرْكَنْ • (erkän)

1. early

Related terms

• اِیكَنْ (ikän)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: erkən
• Gagauz: erken
• Ottoman Turkish: اركن (erken)
  • Turkish: erken

Further reading

• XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, page 257
• Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022) A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 58
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “erken2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1471

Etymology 2

Proto-Turkic *erŋgen (“celibate, unmarried, single”), further etymology uncertain; may be a derivation from the root *ēr (“man”), another explanation suggests a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r-, or possibly a contraction of *eringen, from the verb *erin- (“to be lazy”). Cognate with Karakhanid ارنكان (erŋgen).

Noun

اَرْكَنْ • (ärgän)

1. bachelor, celibate man

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: ərgən
• Gagauz: ergen
• Ottoman Turkish: اركن (ergen)
  • Turkish: ergen

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ergen1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1464
• Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022) “ärgän”, in A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 59
• “ergen”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, page 259

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Old Anatolian Turkish اَرْكَنْ (erkän), Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄rken (“early”), a derivation from *ẹ̄r (“early”) and thus related to ایرته (erte, “tomorrow”). Cognate with Azerbaijani erkən and Turkmen irki.

Adjective

اركن • (erken)

1. early, premature, at a time in advance of the usual or expected event

   Synonyms: باكر (bakir), زود (zud)

Adverb

اركن • (erken)

1. early, betimes, at a time before expected, sooner than usual or expected

Derived terms

• اركنجه (erkence, “somewhat early”)
• اركنجی (erkenci, “early riser”)
• اركنلتمك (erkenletmek, “to make happen early”)
• اركنلك (erkenlik, “earliness”)
• اركنلمك (erkenlemek, “to be early”)
• اركنلنمك (erkenlemek, “to be early”)

Descendants

• Turkish: erken

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “erken2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1471
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اركن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[3], Vienna: F. Beck, page 23b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اركن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 69
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Maturè”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1016
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اركن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 248
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erken”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اركن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 72

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَرْكَنْ (ärgän), from Proto-Turkic *erŋgen (“celibate, unmarried, single”), either a derivation from the root *ēr (“man”), or possibly a contraction of *eringen, from the verb *erin- (“to be lazy”). Cognate with Karakhanid ارنكان (erŋgen).

Adjective

اركن • (ergen)

1. (of a man) celibate, unmarried, single, unwed, having no wife

   Synonyms: بكار (bekâr), عزب (ʼazeb), مجرد (mücerred)

Derived terms

• اركنلك (ergenlik, “celibacy, bachelorship”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ergen
• → Bulgarian: ерген (ergen)
• → Greek: εργένης (ergénis)
• → Macedonian: ерген (ergen)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ergen1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1464
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اركن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[8], Vienna: F. Beck, page 23b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اركن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[9], Constantinople: Mihran, page 69
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cælebs”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[10], Vienna, column 132
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اركن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[11], Vienna, column 248
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ergen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اركن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[12], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 72