vinkua

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak, ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognate with Estonian vinguma, Livonian vingõ and Veps vinkta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋiŋkuɑˣ/, [ˈʋiŋkuɑ̝(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -iŋkuɑ
Hyphenation^(key): vin‧kua

Verb

vinkua (intransitive)

to squeal, squeak
to whine (to complain or protest in a childish manner or about trivial things)
Kelly vinkui, että pomo pakotti hänet pitämään kravattia.
Kelly was whining that the boss made him put on his tie.
(of credit card) to flex
see also vinguttaa (“to flex”) (transitive)

Nyt ei olla järkeviä - pannaan luottokortti vinkumaan!
Let's not be prudent now, let's flex the old credit card! (lit. "let's make the credit card squeak"

Conjugation

Inflection of vinkua (Kotus type 52*G/sanoa, nk-ng gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

vingun

en vingu

1st sing.

olen vinkunut

en ole vinkunut

2nd sing.

vingut

et vingu

2nd sing.

olet vinkunut

et ole vinkunut

3rd sing.

vinkuu

ei vingu

3rd sing.

on vinkunut

ei ole vinkunut

1st plur.

vingumme

emme vingu

1st plur.

olemme vinkuneet

emme ole vinkuneet

2nd plur.

vingutte

ette vingu

2nd plur.

olette vinkuneet

ette ole vinkuneet

3rd plur.

vinkuvat

eivät vingu

3rd plur.

ovat vinkuneet

eivät ole vinkuneet

passive

vingutaan

ei vinguta

passive

on vinguttu

ei ole vinguttu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

vinguin

en vinkunut

1st sing.

olin vinkunut

en ollut vinkunut

2nd sing.

vinguit

et vinkunut

2nd sing.

olit vinkunut

et ollut vinkunut

3rd sing.

vinkui

ei vinkunut

3rd sing.

oli vinkunut

ei ollut vinkunut

1st plur.

vinguimme

emme vinkuneet

1st plur.

olimme vinkuneet

emme olleet vinkuneet

2nd plur.

vinguitte

ette vinkuneet

2nd plur.

olitte vinkuneet

ette olleet vinkuneet

3rd plur.

vinkuivat

eivät vinkuneet

3rd plur.

olivat vinkuneet

eivät olleet vinkuneet

passive

vinguttiin

ei vinguttu

passive

oli vinguttu

ei ollut vinguttu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

vinkuisin

en vinkuisi

1st sing.

olisin vinkunut

en olisi vinkunut

2nd sing.

vinkuisit

et vinkuisi

2nd sing.

olisit vinkunut

et olisi vinkunut

3rd sing.

vinkuisi

ei vinkuisi

3rd sing.

olisi vinkunut

ei olisi vinkunut

1st plur.

vinkuisimme

emme vinkuisi

1st plur.

olisimme vinkuneet

emme olisi vinkuneet

2nd plur.

vinkuisitte

ette vinkuisi

2nd plur.

olisitte vinkuneet

ette olisi vinkuneet

3rd plur.

vinkuisivat

eivät vinkuisi

3rd plur.

olisivat vinkuneet

eivät olisi vinkuneet

passive

vinguttaisiin

ei vinguttaisi

passive

olisi vinguttu

ei olisi vinguttu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

vingu

älä vingu

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

vinkukoon

älköön vinkuko

3rd sing.

olkoon vinkunut

älköön olko vinkunut

1st plur.

vinkukaamme

älkäämme vinkuko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

vinkukaa

älkää vinkuko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

vinkukoot

älkööt vinkuko

3rd plur.

olkoot vinkuneet

älkööt olko vinkuneet

passive

vinguttakoon

älköön vinguttako

passive

olkoon vinguttu

älköön olko vinguttu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

vinkunen

en vinkune

1st sing.

lienen vinkunut

en liene vinkunut

2nd sing.

vinkunet

et vinkune

2nd sing.

lienet vinkunut

et liene vinkunut

3rd sing.

vinkunee

ei vinkune

3rd sing.

lienee vinkunut

ei liene vinkunut

1st plur.

vinkunemme

emme vinkune

1st plur.

lienemme vinkuneet

emme liene vinkuneet

2nd plur.

vinkunette

ette vinkune

2nd plur.

lienette vinkuneet

ette liene vinkuneet

3rd plur.

vinkunevat

eivät vinkune

3rd plur.

lienevät vinkuneet

eivät liene vinkuneet

passive

vinguttaneen

ei vinguttane

passive

lienee vinguttu

ei liene vinguttu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

vinkua

present

vinkuva

vinguttava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	vinkuakseni	vinkuaksemme
2nd	vinkuaksesi	vinkuaksenne
3rd	vinkuakseen vinkuaksensa

past

vinkunut

vinguttu

2nd

inessive²

vinkuessa

vinguttaessa

agent⁴

vinkuma

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	vinkuessani	vinkuessamme
2nd	vinkuessasi	vinkuessanne
3rd	vinkuessaan vinkuessansa

negative

vinkumaton

instructive

vinkuen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

vinkumassa

—

elative

vinkumasta

—

illative

vinkumaan

—

adessive

vinkumalla

—

abessive

vinkumatta

—

instructive

vinkuman

vinguttaman

4th³

verbal noun

vinkuminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	vinkumaisillani	vinkumaisillamme
2nd	vinkumaisillasi	vinkumaisillanne
3rd	vinkumaisillaan vinkumaisillansa

Synonyms

(whine): kitistä, narista, valittaa, marmattaa

Derived terms

compounds

vinkuintiaani

Related terms

Anagrams

kinuva, kuivan, kuvain, kuvina

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak, of onomatopoeic origin. Cognates include Finnish vinkua and Estonian vinguda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋiŋkuɑ/, [ˈʋiŋko̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋiŋkuɑ/, [ˈʋiŋkuɑ]
Rhymes: -iŋkoː, -iŋkuɑ
Hyphenation: vin‧ku‧a

Verb

vinkua

(intransitive) to squeal
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 60:
  Taas jo metsääs saha vinkuu.
  The saw is already squealing again.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vinkua (type 1/ampua, nk-ng gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vingun	en vingu	1st singular	oon vinkunt, oon vinkunut	en oo vinkunt, en oo vinkunut
2nd singular	vingut	et vingu	2nd singular	oot vinkunt, oot vinkunut	et oo vinkunt, et oo vinkunut
3rd singular	vinkuu	ei vingu	3rd singular	ono vinkunt, ono vinkunut	ei oo vinkunt, ei oo vinkunut
1st plural	vingumma	emmä vingu	1st plural	oomma vinkuneet	emmä oo vinkuneet
2nd plural	vingutta	että vingu	2nd plural	ootta vinkuneet	että oo vinkuneet
3rd plural	vinkuut¹⁾, vinkuvat²⁾, vingutaa	evät vingu, ei vinguta	3rd plural	ovat vinkuneet	evät oo vinkuneet, ei oo vinguttu
impersonal	vingutaa	ei vinguta	impersonal	ono vinguttu	ei oo vinguttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vinguin	en vinkunt, en vinkunut	1st singular	olin vinkunt, olin vinkunut	en olt vinkunt, en olt vinkunut
2nd singular	vinguit	et vinkunt, et vinkunut	2nd singular	olit vinkunt, olit vinkunut	et olt vinkunt, et olt vinkunut
3rd singular	vinkui	ei vinkunt, ei vinkunut	3rd singular	oli vinkunt, oli vinkunut	ei olt vinkunt, ei olt vinkunut
1st plural	vinguimma	emmä vinkuneet	1st plural	olimma vinkuneet	emmä olleet vinkuneet
2nd plural	vinguitta	että vinkuneet	2nd plural	olitta vinkuneet	että olleet vinkuneet
3rd plural	vinkuit¹⁾, vinkuivat²⁾, vinguttii	evät vinkuneet, ei vinguttu	3rd plural	olivat vinkuneet	evät olleet vinkuneet, ei olt vinguttu
impersonal	vinguttii	ei vinguttu	impersonal	oli vinguttu	ei olt vinguttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vinkuisin	en vinkuis	1st singular	olisin vinkunt, olisin vinkunut	en olis vinkunt, en olis vinkunut
2nd singular	vinkuisit, vinkuist¹⁾	et vinkuis	2nd singular	olisit vinkunt, olisit vinkunut	et olis vinkunt, et olis vinkunut
3rd singular	vinkuis	ei vinkuis	3rd singular	olis vinkunt, olis vinkunut	ei olis vinkunt, ei olis vinkunut
1st plural	vinkuisimma	emmä vinkuis	1st plural	olisimma vinkuneet	emmä olis vinkuneet
2nd plural	vinkuisitta	että vinkuis	2nd plural	olisitta vinkuneet	että olis vinkuneet
3rd plural	vinkuisiit¹⁾, vinkuisivat²⁾, vinguttais	evät vinkuis, ei vinguttais	3rd plural	olisivat vinkuneet	evät olis vinkuneet, ei olis vinguttu
impersonal	vinguttais	ei vinguttais	impersonal	olis vinguttu	ei olis vinguttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	vingu	elä vingu	2nd singular	oo vinkunt, oo vinkunut	elä oo vinkunt, elä oo vinkunut
3rd singular	vinkukoo	elköö vinkuko	3rd singular	olkoo vinkunt, olkoo vinkunut	elköö olko vinkunt, elköö olko vinkunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	vinkukaa	elkää vinkuko	2nd plural	olkaa vinkuneet	elkää olko vinkuneet
3rd plural	vinkukoot	elkööt vinkuko, elköö vinguttako	3rd plural	olkoot vinkuneet	elkööt olko vinkuneet, elköö olko vinguttu
impersonal	vinguttakkoo	elköö vinguttako	impersonal	olkoo vinguttu	elköö olko vinguttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	vinkunen	en vinkune
2nd singular	vinkunet	et vinkune
3rd singular	vinkunoo	ei vinkune
1st plural	vinkunemma	emmä vinkune
2nd plural	vinkunetta	että vinkune
3rd plural	vinkunoot	evät vinkune, ei vinguttane
impersonal	vinguttannoo	ei vinguttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		vinkua	present	vinkuva	vinguttava
2nd	inessive	vinkujees	past	vinkunt, vinkunut	vinguttu
2nd	instructive	vinkuen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (vinkukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	vinkumaa
	inessive	vinkumaas
	elative	vinkumast
	abessive	vinkumata
4th	nominative	vinkumiin
	partitive	vinkumista, vinkumist

Derived terms

vinguttaa

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 668

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vinkudak.

Pronunciation

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈviŋkuɑ̯/, [ˈvʲiŋkuɑ̯]
Rhymes: -iŋkuɑ̯
Hyphenation: vin‧kua

Verb

vinkua

(intransitive) to squeal, wail, whine
(intransitive) to howl

Inflection

Conjugation of vinkua (type II-1/kuttsua, nk-ng gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vingun	en vingu	1st singular	õõn vinkunnu	en õõ vinkunnu
2nd singular	vingud	ed vingu	2nd singular	õõd vinkunnu	ed õõ vinkunnu
3rd singular	vingub	eb vingu	3rd singular	on vinkunnu	eb õõ vinkunnu
1st plural	vingummõ	emmä vingu	1st plural	õõmmõ vinkunnu	emmä õõ vinkunnu
2nd plural	vinguttõ	että vingu	2nd plural	õõttõ vinkunnu	että õõ vinkunnu
3rd plural	vinguta	eväd vingu	3rd plural	õlla vinguttu	eväd õõ vinguttu
impersonal	vinguta	eväd vingu	impersonal	õlla vinguttu	eväd õõ vinguttu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vinkuzin	en vinkunnu	1st singular	õlin vinkunnu	—
2nd singular	vinkuzid	ed vinkunnu	2nd singular	õlid vinkunnu	—
3rd singular	vinku	eb vinkunnu	3rd singular	õli vinkunnu	—
1st plural	vinkuzimmõ	emmä vinkunnu	1st plural	õlimmõ vinkunnu	—
2nd plural	vinkuzittõ	että vinkunnu	2nd plural	õlittõ vinkunnu	—
3rd plural	vingutti	eväd vinguttu	3rd plural	õlti vinguttu	—
impersonal	vingutti	eväd vinguttu	impersonal	õlti vinguttu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	vinkuizin	en vinkuizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin vinkunnu	en õllõizʹ vinkunnu
2nd singular	vinkuizid	ed vinkuizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid vinkunnu	ed õllõizʹ vinkunnu
3rd singular	vinkuizʹ	eb vinkuizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ vinkunnu	eb õllõizʹ vinkunnu
1st plural	vinkuizimmõ	emmä vinkuizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ vinkunnu	emmä õllõizʹ vinkunnu
2nd plural	vinkuizittõ	että vinkuizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ vinkunnu	että õllõizʹ vinkunnu
3rd plural	vinguttaizʹ	eväd vinguttaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ vinguttu	eväd õltaizʹ vinguttu
impersonal	vinguttaizʹ	eväd vinguttaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ vinguttu	eväd õltaizʹ vinguttu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	vingu	elä vingu
3rd singular	vinkugo¹⁾	elko vinkugo¹⁾
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	vinkuga	elka vinkuga
3rd plural	vinkugod¹⁾	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		vinkua	present	vinkujõ²⁾	—
2nd	illative	vinkuma	past	vinkunnu	vinguttu
	inessive	vinkumõz	¹⁾ using la is more common ²⁾ also used as the agent noun
	elative	vinkumõssõ
	abessive	vinkumõttõ

References

Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “vinkua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

vinkua

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Votic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

References