vào
Vietnamese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) vô (no diphthongization)
Etymology
[edit]Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕào, ꞗĕaò in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). Compare the Central-Southern form vô.
The Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 包 (SV: bao), showing that diphthongization already took place in these dialects by then. The Central-Southern form vô started showing up on texts much later, spelled chiefly as 無 (SV: vô), inherited from unattested non-Northern Old Vietnamese dialects without diphthongization.
The usage of vào (especially in writing) by speakers of Central-Southern dialects can be attributed to borrowing from Northern dialects. On the other hand, the undiphthongized Southern form with palatal initial latter spread to the Northern and Central dialects as an interjection.
Most prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: cho (“to give; for”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), ở (“to stay; at, in”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [vaːw˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [vaːw˦˩]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [vaːw˨˩] ~ [jaːw˨˩]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Verb
[edit]- (transitive) to enter (to go or come into a space that is on the inside, or is narrower than the current space)
- (transitive, by extension) to go southwards in Vietnam
- vào nam, ra bắc ― to go southwards and northwards
- từ Hà Nội vào Huế ― to go from Hanoi down south to Hue
- vào Sài Gòn ― to go to Ho Chi Minh City from its north
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.- vào trang cá nhân, vào mạng, vào sổ điểm ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (transitive) to become a member of; to join
- (transitive) to carry out or to join in, to participate in
- vào tiệc ― to join/begin a party
- vào đám ― to join/begin the ceremony
- (transitive) to begin (a new chapter in time)
- Synonym: bắt đầu
- vào năm học mới ― to start a new school year
- vào hè ― to begin one's summer
- trời vào thu ― autumn sets in
- (transitive) to abide by, to conform to
- (transitive) to attain, to achieve
- Một người thợ vào loại giỏi.
- A worker becomes skilled.
- học vào loại trung bình ― to be average in one's studies
- (intransitive, figuratively) to comprehend
- Có tập trung tư tưởng thì học [nó] mới vào.
- Only by concentrating one's thoughts does one comprehend one's studies.
- Đầu óc rối bời, đọc mãi mà [nó] không vào.
- With his/her head in such a jumble, he/she keeps reading but [it] doesn't click.
- (intransitive, soccer) (of a ball) to enter the goal
- Sút! Vào!
- He shoots! He scores! [Shoot! It's in!]
Derived terms
[edit]Preposition
[edit]- in, into, upon
- Antonym: ra
- vào trong ― inside of
- nhìn vào trong nhà ― to look inside the/a house
- quay mặt vào tường ― to turn and look at the wall
- dựa vào ― based upon; to base upon
- hướng vào ― to go into
- during, on
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Particle
[edit]- Used at the end of a clause or sentence to ask the listener to do something vigorously.
- Làm nhanh vào!
- Do it quickly!
- Mặc thật ấm vào kẻo lạnh.
- Dress truly warmly or you'll be cold.
- Used at the end of a clause of sentence, usually after lắm or nhiều, to speak critically or reproachfully about excess, implying obvious bad consequences.
- Chơi lắm vào, bây giờ thi trượt.
- Played so much – now your test scores are falling.
- Ăn kẹo cho lắm vào để bị đau bụng.
- You ate so much candy that you got a stomach ache.
References
[edit]- "vào" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)