research

See also: re-search

English

Etymology

Early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”), by surface analysis, re- +‎ search.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): (traditional) /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, (newer) /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/
• (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈɹiˌsɜɹt͡ʃ/, /ɹiˈsɜɹt͡ʃ/, /ɹə-/

• Audio (California):

  (file)

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/, [ˈɹɪi.sɜːt͡ʃ]
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃ
• Hyphenation: re‧search

Noun

research (countable and uncountable, plural researches)

1. (uncountable, countable in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).
   • 2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 4 April 2012, page 87:

     In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

   The research station that houses Wang and his team is outside Lijiang, a city of about 1.2 million people.

2. (countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 1, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the researches of antiquaries.

   • 1747, The Scots magazine, volume 9, page 567:

     The first step I took in this so necessary a research, was to examine the motives, the justice, the necessity and expediency of the revolution […]

   • 1883 December, “Zoology. A. General, including Embryology and Histology of the Vertebrata. Development of Muscle-fibres and their Union with Nerves”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, volume 3, number 6, page 821:

     Although very numerous researches have been made on the differentiation of striped muscles, and on the termination of their motor nerve-fibres, yet the multifarious observations have often been too incomplete to lead to any but conflicting and unsatisfactory theories.

Synonyms

• investigation
• exploration
• examination
• study
• inquiry
• scrutiny

Hyponyms

• action research
• advocacy research
• basic research
• bioresearch
• empirical research
• historical research
• marketing research
• market research
• operational research
• operations research
• oppo research
• opposition research
• primary research
• qualitative research
• quantitative research
• scientific research
• secondary research
• space research
• structural research
• time-use research
• unobtrusive research

 

Derived terms

• antiresearch
• bioresearcher
• consumer research
• coresearcher
• customer research
• dual-use research of concern
• eco-research
• gain-of-function research
• nonresearch
• nonresearched
• nonresearcher
• nonresearching
• overresearched
• proresearch
• researchability
• researchable
• research assistant
• research chemical
• researchee
• researcher
• researchful
• researchist
• research professor
• research ship
• researchship
• researchy
• underresearched
• unresearchability
• unresearchable
• unresearched

 

Related terms

• research octane number
• research paper
• recherche

Translations

inquiry or examination

• Afrikaans: navorsing (af)
• Arabic: بَحْث (ar) m (baḥṯ), تَحْقِيق m (taḥqīq)
• Armenian: հետազոտություն (hy) (hetazotutʻyun), ուսումնասիրություն (hy) (usumnasirutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: araşdırma
• Belarusian: дасле́даванне n (dasljédavannje)
• Bengali: গবেষণা (bn) (gobeśona), অনুসন্ধান (bn) (onuśondhan)
• Bhojpuri: शोध (śōdh)
• Bulgarian: изсле́дване (bg) n (izslédvane)
• Burmese: သုတေသန (my) (su.tesa.na.)
• Catalan: recerca (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū)

• Crimean Tatar: tedqiqat
• Czech: výzkum (cs) m
• Danish: forskning c
• Dutch: onderzoek (nl) n, speurwerk (nl) n
• Esperanto: esploro
• Finnish: tutkimus (fi)
• French: recherche (fr) f
• Galician: investigación (gl) f, pesquisa f
• Georgian: კვლევა (ḳvleva), გამოკვლევა (gamoḳvleva)
• German: Forschung (de) f
• Greek: έρευνα (el) (érevna)
• Haitian Creole: rechèch
• Hebrew: מֶחְקָר (he) m (meẖqár)
• Hindi: अनुसंधान (hi) m (anusandhān), शोध (hi) (śodh)
• Hungarian: kutatás (hu)
• Icelandic: rannsókn (is) f
• Indonesian: penelitian (id)
• Irish: taighde m
• Italian: ricerca (it)
• Japanese: 研究 (ja) (けんきゅう, kenkyū)
• Kazakh: зерттеу (zertteu)
• Khmer: វីមង្សា (km) (viimĕəngsaa), អន្វេស (km) (ʼanveih)
• Korean: 연구(硏究) (ko) (yeon'gu)
• Kyrgyz: изилдөө (ky) (izildöö), текшерүү (ky) (tekşerüü)
• Lao: ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ (kān khon khuā)
• Latgalian: tiemē
• Latvian: pētniecība f
• Macedonian: истражување n (istražuvanje)
• Malay: penyelidikan
• Malayalam: ഗവേഷണം (ml) (gavēṣaṇaṁ)
• Manx: aahirrey m, aaronsey m
• Maori: rangahau
• Marathi: संशोधन n (sauśodhan)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: судалгаа (mn) (sudalgaa), шинжилгээ (mn) (šinžilgee)

  Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ (sudulg-a)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forskning (no) m or f

• Oromo: qorannoo
• Ottoman Turkish: تحقیق (tahqīq), تَدْقِیق
• Persian: تحقیق (fa) (tahqiq), پژوهش (fa) (pažuheš)
• Polish: badania nvir
• Portuguese: pesquisa (pt) f, investigação (pt) f
• Romanian: cercetare (ro) f
• Russian: иссле́дование (ru) n (isslédovanije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: истражи́ва̄ње n

  Roman: istražívānje (sh) n

• Slovak: výskum (sk) m
• Slovene: raziskovanje n
• Spanish: investigación (es)
• Swahili: utafiti (sw)
• Swedish: forskning (sv) c
• Tagalog: magsaliksik
• Tajik: таҳқиқ (tahqiq), пажуҳиш (pažuhiš)
• Telugu: పరిశోధన (te) (pariśōdhana)
• Thai: วิจัย (th) (wí-jai), ค้นคว้า (th) (kón-kwáa)
• Turkish: araştırma (tr), tahkik (tr), tetkik (tr)
• Turkmen: gözleg, barlag (tk)
• Ukrainian: дослі́дження (uk) n (doslídžennja)
• Urdu: تحقیق (ur) (tahqīq)
• Uzbek: tadqiqot (uz)
• Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (vi)
• Zazaki: cıgêyraış m

piece of research

• Afrikaans: navorsing (af)
• Armenian: հետազոտություն (hy) (hetazotutʻyun), ուսումնասիրություն (hy) (usumnasirutʻyun)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū), 調查／调查 (zh) (diàochá)

• Dutch: onderzoek (nl) n, research (nl) f
• Finnish: tutkimus (fi), selvitys (fi)
• French: recherche (fr) f
• Galician: pesquisa f
• German: Untersuchung (de) f, Forschungsarbeit (de) f
• Ingrian: tutkimus
• Italian: ricerca (it) f, indagine (it) f
• Japanese: 調査 (ja) (ちょうさ, chōsa)
• Korean: 조사(調査) (ko) (josa)
• Polish: badanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: pesquisa (pt) f
• Russian: иссле́дование (ru) n (isslédovanije)
• Swahili: utafiti (sw)
• Swedish: undersökning (sv) c
• Vietnamese: bài nghiên cứu

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: بَحْث (ar) m (baḥṯ)
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} recerca
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: истражи́ва̄ње n

  Roman: istražívānje (sh) n

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} investigación (es) f

Verb

research (third-person singular simple present researches, present participle researching, simple past and past participle researched)

1. (transitive) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
2. (intransitive) To make an extensive investigation into.
3. (transitive) To search again.
4. (intransitive, marketing) To receive a certain response in market research.

   Agency and bank staff told the newspaper the ad researched well.

Translations

to examine with continued care

• Afrikaans: navors
• Arabic: بَحَثَ (ar) (baḥaṯa)
• Armenian: հետազոտել (hy) (hetazotel)
• Assamese: গৱেষণা কৰা (gowexona kora)
• Azerbaijani: araşdırmaq (az)
• Belarusian: дасле́даваць impf (dasljédavacʹ)
• Bulgarian: изсле́двам (bg) impf (izslédvam)
• Catalan: recercar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū)

• Czech: bádat impf, probádat pf
• Danish: forske
• Dutch: onderzoeken (nl), vorsen (nl)
• Finnish: tutkia (fi), selvittää (fi)
• French: rechercher (fr)
• German: forschen (de), erforschen (de)
• Hungarian: kutat (hu)
• Italian: ricercare (it)
• Japanese: 研究する (ja) (けんきゅうする, kenkyū suru)
• Kazakh: зерттеу (zertteu)
• Khmer: ស្រាវជ្រាវ (km) (sraaw criəw)
• Korean: 연구하다 (ko) (yeon'guhada)
• Latvian: pētīt
• Macedonian: истражува impf (istražuva), истражи pf (istraži)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: судлах (mn) (sudlax)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forske

• Occitan: recercar (oc)
• Ottoman Turkish: تَدْقِیق
• Persian: پژوهیدن (fa) (pežuhidan)
• Polish: badać (pl) impf, zbadać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: investigar (pt)
• Romanian: cerceta (ro)
• Russian: иссле́довать (ru) impf or pf (isslédovatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: истражи́вати impf

  Roman: istražívati (sh) impf

• Slovak: bádať impf, prebádať pf
• Slovene: raziskovati (sl) impf, raziskati pf
• Spanish: investigar (es), indagar (es)
• Swedish: forska (sv)
• Tajik: пажуҳидан (pažuhidan)
• Telugu: పరిశోధించు (te) (pariśōdhiñcu)
• Thai: วิจัย (th) (wí-jai), ค้นคว้า (th) (kón-kwáa)
• Turkish: araştırmak (tr), tedkik etmek, tahkik etmek (tr), teftiş etmek (tr)
• Ukrainian: дослі́джувати impf (doslídžuvaty), досліди́ти pf (doslidýty)
• Uzbek: tekshirmoq (uz), oʻrganmoq (uz), tadqiq qilmoq
• Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (vi)

to make an investigation into

• Afrikaans: navors
• Armenian: հետազոտել (hy) (hetazotel)
• Bulgarian: разсле́двам (bg) impf (razslédvam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 調查／调查 (zh) (diàochá)

• Dutch: onderzoeken (nl), uitvissen (nl), uitzoeken (nl), nagaan (nl)
• Finnish: tutkia (fi), selvittää (fi)
• French: examiner (fr), explorer (fr), fouiller (fr), rechercher (fr)
• German: erforschen (de), recherchieren (de)
• Greek: ερευνώ (el) (erevnó)
• Italian: indagare (it)
• Japanese: 調査する (ja) (ちょうさする, chōsa suru)
• Korean: 조사하다 (ko) (josahada)
• Manx: aahirr
• Maori: rangahau
• Polish: badać (pl) impf, zbadać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: pesquisar (pt), investigar (pt)
• Russian: рассле́довать (ru) impf or pf (rasslédovatʹ), иссле́довать (ru) impf or pf (isslédovatʹ)
• Spanish: investigar (es), documentarse (es), pesquisar (es)
• Telugu: పరిశోధించు (te) (pariśōdhiñcu)
• Turkish: teftiş etmek (tr), tahkik etmek (tr), tetkik etmek (tr)
• Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} recercar

References

• “research”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “research”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "research" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

Anagrams

• reachers, searcher

Dutch

Etymology

From English research, from early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”). Forms a doublet with Dutch recherche, which is a direct borrowing from French.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

research f (uncountable, diminutive researchje n)

1. research

Usage notes

The plural is very rare or non-existent.

Synonyms

• onderzoek, speurwerk, vorsing, navorsing

Swedish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English research. First attested in the 1960s.

Noun

research c (uncountable)

1. searching in archives for background information related to someone or something specific (often for newspapers, radio, or TV).

Declension

Declension of research

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	research	researchs
	definite	researchen	researchens
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Related terms

• researcha (“perform archival research”)
• researcher (“archival researcher”)

See also

• efterforska (“investigate; research”)
• forska (“research”)

References

• research in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)