perficio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *perifakjō. Equivalent to per- (“through, along; during”) +‎ faciō (“do, make”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /perˈfi.ki.oː/, [pɛrˈfɪkioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /perˈfi.t͡ʃi.o/, [perˈfiːt͡ʃio]

Verb

perficiō (present infinitive perficere, perfect active perfēcī, supine perfectum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. to finish, complete

   Synonyms: perpetrō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, inclūdō, claudō, conclūdō, condō, expleō, fungor, peragō, efficiō, patrō, nāvō, exsequor, trānsigō, gerō, prōflīgō, perferō, persolvō, exhauriō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]

     And the military command of Marcus Marcellus was also extended, so that he could finish the rest of the war in Sicily as proconsul with his army which he held […]

2. to perfect
3. to carry out, execute, perform
4. to achieve, accomplish
5. (by extension) to bring about, cause, effect

Conjugation

   Conjugation of perficiō (third conjugation iō-variant)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perficiō	perficis	perficit	perficimus	perficitis	perficiunt
	imperfect	perficiēbam	perficiēbās	perficiēbat	perficiēbāmus	perficiēbātis	perficiēbant
	future	perficiam	perficiēs	perficiet	perficiēmus	perficiētis	perficient
	perfect	perfēcī	perfēcistī	perfēcit	perfēcimus	perfēcistis	perfēcērunt, perfēcēre
	pluperfect	perfēceram	perfēcerās	perfēcerat	perfēcerāmus	perfēcerātis	perfēcerant
	future perfect	perfēcerō	perfēceris	perfēcerit	perfēcerimus	perfēceritis	perfēcerint
passive	present	perficior	perficeris, perficere	perficitur	perficimur	perficiminī	perficiuntur
	imperfect	perficiēbar	perficiēbāris, perficiēbāre	perficiēbātur	perficiēbāmur	perficiēbāminī	perficiēbantur
	future	perficiar	perficiēris, perficiēre	perficiētur	perficiēmur	perficiēminī	perficientur
	perfect	perfectus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perfectus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perfectus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perficiam	perficiās	perficiat	perficiāmus	perficiātis	perficiant
imperfect	perficerem	perficerēs	perficeret	perficerēmus	perficerētis	perficerent
perfect	perfēcerim	perfēcerīs	perfēcerit	perfēcerīmus	perfēcerītis	perfēcerint
pluperfect	perfēcissem	perfēcissēs	perfēcisset	perfēcissēmus	perfēcissētis	perfēcissent
passive	present	perficiar	perficiāris, perficiāre	perficiātur	perficiāmur	perficiāminī	perficiantur
imperfect	perficerer	perficerēris, perficerēre	perficerētur	perficerēmur	perficerēminī	perficerentur
perfect	perfectus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	perfectus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perfice	—	—	perficite	—
	future	—	perficitō	perficitō	—	perficitōte	perficiuntō
passive	present	—	perficere	—	—	perficiminī	—
	future	—	perficitor	perficitor	—	—	perficiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perficere	perfēcisse	perfectūrum esse	perficī	perfectum esse	perfectum īrī
participles		perficiēns	—	perfectūrus	—	perfectus	perficiendus, perficiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perficiendī	perficiendō	perficiendum	perficiendō	perfectum	perfectū

Derived terms

• perficus
• perfectus

Related terms

• afficiō
• cōnficiō
• dēficiō
• efficiō
• faciō
• īnficiō
• interficiō
• officiō
• praeficiō
• prōficiō
• reficiō
• sufficiō

 

Descendants

• Asturian: perfacer
• French: parfaire
• Italian: perfare
• Portuguese: perfazer
• → English: perfect

References

• “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• perficio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
    
  • to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
    
• perficio in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016