misceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *mikskō (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé-, inchoative present of *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). The second conjugation of this verb is unexplained. Cognate with Old High German miskian, miskan (“to mix”) (German mischen), Welsh mysgu (“to mix”), Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсити (měsiti, “to mix”), Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”), Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra, “mixed”), Persian آمیختن (âmixtan, “mix”); Old English māsc (“mixture, mash”). More at mash.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.ke.oː/, [ˈmɪs̠keoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmiʃ.ʃe.o/, [ˈmiʃːeo]

Verb

misceō (present infinitive miscēre, perfect active miscuī, supine mixtum or mistum); second conjugation

1. to mix

   Synonyms: commisceō, cōnfundō

2. to mingle, intermingle
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.14.13:

     Rīsus dolōre miscēbitur, et extrēma gaudiī lūctus occupat

     Laughter shall be mingled with sorrow, and mourning taketh hold of the end of joy.
     (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

3. (poetic) a disturbance of the natural order, as in a storm: to disturb, to throw into confusion, to confuse, confound, embroil
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.133–134:

     “Iam caelum terramque meō sine nūmine, ventī,
     miscēre, et tantās audētis tollere mōlēs?”

     “Now heaven and earth – without my divine assent, you winds! – you dare to disturb, and raise such swells [of seawater]?”
     (Neptune upbraids the winds.)

Conjugation

• The fourth principal part may be mixtum or mistum.

   Conjugation of misceō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	misceō	miscēs	miscet	miscēmus	miscētis	miscent
	imperfect	miscēbam	miscēbās	miscēbat	miscēbāmus	miscēbātis	miscēbant
	future	miscēbō	miscēbis	miscēbit	miscēbimus	miscēbitis	miscēbunt
	perfect	miscuī	miscuistī	miscuit	miscuimus	miscuistis	miscuērunt, miscuēre
	pluperfect	miscueram	miscuerās	miscuerat	miscuerāmus	miscuerātis	miscuerant
	future perfect	miscuerō	miscueris	miscuerit	miscuerimus	miscueritis	miscuerint
passive	present	misceor	miscēris, miscēre	miscētur	miscēmur	miscēminī	miscentur
	imperfect	miscēbar	miscēbāris, miscēbāre	miscēbātur	miscēbāmur	miscēbāminī	miscēbantur
	future	miscēbor	miscēberis, miscēbere	miscēbitur	miscēbimur	miscēbiminī	miscēbuntur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mixtus or mistus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	misceam	misceās	misceat	misceāmus	misceātis	misceant
	imperfect	miscērem	miscērēs	miscēret	miscērēmus	miscērētis	miscērent
	perfect	miscuerim	miscuerīs	miscuerit	miscuerīmus	miscuerītis	miscuerint
	pluperfect	miscuissem	miscuissēs	miscuisset	miscuissēmus	miscuissētis	miscuissent
passive	present	miscear	misceāris, misceāre	misceātur	misceāmur	misceāminī	misceantur
	imperfect	miscērer	miscērēris, miscērēre	miscērētur	miscērēmur	miscērēminī	miscērentur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	miscē	—	—	miscēte	—
	future	—	miscētō	miscētō	—	miscētōte	miscentō
passive	present	—	miscēre	—	—	miscēminī	—
	future	—	miscētor	miscētor	—	—	miscentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		miscēre	miscuisse	mixtūrum esse, mistūrum esse	miscērī, miscērier1	mixtum esse, mistum esse	mixtum īrī, mistum īrī
participles		miscēns	—	mixtūrus, mistūrus	—	mixtus, mistus	miscendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		miscendī	miscendō	miscendum	miscendō	mixtum, mistum	mixtū, mistū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• admisceō
• commisceō
• ēmisceō
• immisceō
• impermisceō
• intermisceō
• miscellus
• miscīx
• misculō
• mistārius, mixtārius
• mistīcius, mixtīcius
• mistim, mixtim
• mistiō, mixtiō
• mistūra, mixtūra
• mistus, mixtus
• permisceō
• prōmiscuus
• remisceō

Related terms

• miscellāneus
• mistūrātus / mixtūrātus

Descendants

• Aromanian: mescu, meashtiri
• Galician: mexer
• Italian: mescere
• Portuguese: mexer
• Romanian: mește, mișca
• Sicilian: mèsciri, ammiscari
• Spanish: mecer, mezclar
• Venetan: misciar, misiar
• Walloon: maxhî

References

• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• misceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere