Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyḱ-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *mey- (“to change”).

Root

*meyḱ- or *meyǵ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

to mix

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meyḱ- (14 c, 0 e)

*méyḱ-t ~ *miḱ-ént (root aorist)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔμῐκτο (émikto), ἔμειξᾰ (émeixa)
*miḱ-sḱé-ti (*sḱé- inchoative present)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *miskati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *miskijaną (< *mihsk-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μίσγω (mísgō, “mix”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *miśćáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miśćáti
    - Sanskrit: मिच्छति (miccháti, “to agitate”)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: मिच्छमान (micchámāna, “agitated”, present mediopassive participle)
  - Proto-Iranian: *āmayxš-, *wimayxš- (< *meyǵ-)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myxs-, “to be mixed”) (Manichaean), [script needed] (gwmyxs-, “to be mixed, mingled”) (Manichaean)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyxs-, “to be mixed with”), [script needed] (wmyxs-, “to be mixed”)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (wmxsk)
- Proto-Italic: *mikskō
  - Latin: misceō (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *miḱ-sḱ-
  - *miḱ-sḱ-ó/éh₂- (deverbative from the present)^[11]^[12]
    - Proto-Celtic: *miskos (“mixed, confused”) (see there for further descendants)
    - Proto-Italic:
      - Latin: prōmiscus, prōmiscuus
  - *moyḱ-sḱ-o/eh₂- (o-grade deverbative from the present)^[11]
    - Proto-Germanic: *maiskaz (“mixture”), *maiskō (“mixture”), *maiską (“mixture”) (see there for further descendants)
*moyḱ-éye- (causative)^[2]^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *máiśīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
*méyḱ-s- (*s- desiderative)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μείξω (meíxō, “will mix”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayćšáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mayṭṣáyati
    - Sanskrit: मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, “mix”)
*meyḱ-ye- (innovative *ye- present)^[2]^[10]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: miēši (“dilute, mix, ferment, sweeten”)
*mi-né-ḱ- (innovative *né- present)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: mìšti
*mi-néw-ḱ- (innovative *new- present)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μείγνῡμῐ (meígnūmi), μῐ́γνῡμῐ (mígnūmi)
    - Greek: μιγνύω (mignýo)
*méyḱ-tis^[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśtis
  - Lithuanian: mìšti
- Proto-Hellenic: *míktis
  - Ancient Greek: μῐ́ξῐς (míxis, “mixing”) (also μῖξῐς (mîxis) and μεῖξῐς (meîxis) by analogy)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *míštiš
  - Proto-Iranian: *míštiš
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mišti, “confusedly”)
*miḱ-rós^[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśras
  - Lithuanian: mìšras (“mixed”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mićrás (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayȷ́-
  - Proto-Iranian: *āmayj-, *Hwimayȷ́-
    - (possibly) Ossetian:
      - Digor Ossetian: ызмис (yzmis, “sand”)
      - Iron Ossetian: ӕзменсӕ (æzmensæ, “sand”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾmyc- /⁠āmēz-⁠/, “to mix”), [script needed] (gwmyc- /⁠gumēz-⁠/, “to mix, mingle”), [script needed] (ʾmyc /⁠āmiz⁠/, “a certain dish containing game meat”, literally “mixture”),^[4] [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myz-, “to mix”) (Manichaean) (see there for further descendants)
      - Persian: آمیختن (âmixtan, “to mix”), آمیغ (âmeğ, “mixture”)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyj- /⁠āmēž-⁠/, “to mix”)
    - Proto-Kurdish:
      - Central Kurdish: ئامێژەن (amêjen, “mixing”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “714”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 714
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 428
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 261
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ամիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μείγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 919-920
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*miskan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 481-482
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “714”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 714

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 428

[C-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 261

[HAB-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ամիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

[Beekes-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μείγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 919-920

[Kroonen-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*miskan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370

[DV-7] 7.0 ^7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382

[D_maisyti-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[D_mesiti-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313

[D_miesti-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[LIN-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 481-482

[Mata-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273

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