Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/miskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *miḱsḱéti (“to mix”), from *meyḱ-.

Noun

*miskos m

1. mixture, confusion

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskos	*miskou	*miskoi
vocative	*miske	*miskou	*miskoi
accusative	*miskom	*miskou	*miskoms
genitive	*miskī	*miskous	*miskom
dative	*miskūi	*miskobom	*miskobos
locative	*miskei	*?	*?
instrumental	*miskū	*miskobim	*miskūis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *mɨsk, *kɨm-mɨsk
  • Breton: kemmesk, quemmesq (“mixture, complication”), mesk, mesq (“mixture”)
  • Cornish: kemmysk (“mixture”)
  • Middle Welsh: mysgi (“trouble, confusion”)
    • Welsh: cymysgfa (“mixture, confusion”)
• Old Irish: cummasc (“mixture, disturbance”)
  • Irish: cumasc

Adjective

*miskos

1. mixed, confused
2. drunk

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskos	*miskou	*miskoi
vocative	*miske	*miskou	*miskoi
accusative	*miskom	*miskou	*miskoms
genitive	*miskī	*miskous	*miskom
dative	*miskūi	*miskobom	*miskobos
instrumental	*miskū	*miskobim	*miskobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskā	*miskai	*miskās
vocative	*miskā	*miskai	*miskās
accusative	*miskam	*miskai	*miskams
genitive	*miskās	*miskous	*miskom
dative	*miskai	*miskābom	*miskābos
instrumental	*?	*miskābim	*miskābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskom	*miskou	*miskā
vocative	*miskom	*miskou	*miskā
accusative	*miskom	*miskou	*miskā
genitive	*miskī	*miskous	*miskom
dative	*miskūi	*miskobom	*miskobos
instrumental	*miskū	*miskobim	*miskobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskyūs	*?	*miskyoses
vocative	*miskyūs	*?	*miskyoses
accusative	*miskyosam	*?	*miskyosams
genitive	*miskisos	*?	*miskisom
dative	*miskisei	*?	*miskisbos
instrumental	*miskisī	*?	*miskisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskyūs	*?	*miskyoses
vocative	*miskyūs	*?	*miskyoses
accusative	*miskyosam	*?	*miskyosams
genitive	*miskisos	*?	*miskisom
dative	*miskisei	*?	*miskisbos
instrumental	*miskisī	*?	*miskisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*miskis	*?	*?
vocative	*miskis	*?	*?
accusative	*miskis	*?	*?
genitive	*miskisos	*?	*miskisom
dative	*miskisei	*?	*miskisbos
instrumental	*miskisī	*?	*miskisbis

Descendants

• Welsh: cymysg (“mixed”)
• Old Irish: mesc (“confused, drunk”), mescc
  • Irish: measc
  • Scottish Gaelic: measg
• →⇒ Latin: Orgenomesquī (name of a Cantabrian tribe, literally “slaughter-drunk”)

Preposition

*miskos

1. amid, amidst

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *mɨsk
  • Middle Breton: e mesk (“among”)
    • Breton: mesk
  • Cornish: mysk, mysc, mesk, mesc
  • Welsh: mysg
• Old Irish: mesc, mescc
  • Irish: measc
  • Scottish Gaelic: measg