kasta

See also: KASTA

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta (“lineage, breed”).

Noun

kasta f

1. caste

Declension

Declension of kasta (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	kasta	kasty
genitive	kasty	kast
dative	kastě	kastám
accusative	kastu	kasty
vocative	kasto	kasty
locative	kastě	kastách
instrumental	kastou	kastami

Derived terms

• kastovní

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną. Cognate with Icelandic and Swedish kasta, Norwegian and Danish kaste, and English cast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰasta/

Verb

kasta (third person singular past indicative kastaði, third person plural past indicative kastað, supine kastað)

1. to throw

   Synonyms: blaka, tveita

Conjugation

Conjugation of kasta (group v-30)

infinitive	kasta
supine	kastað
	present	past
first singular	kasti	kastaði
second singular	kastar	kastaði
third singular	kastar	kastaði
plural	kasta	kastaðu
participle (a6)1	kastandi	kastaður
	imperative
singular	kasta!
plural	kastið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Verb

kasta

1. inflection of kastaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• kasat, sakat, takas, taksa

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną. Cognate with Faroese and Swedish kasta, Norwegian and Danish kaste, and English cast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰasta/
• Rhymes: -asta

Verb

kasta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kastaði, supine kastað)

1. to throw, to fling, to hurl, to toss [intransitive or with dative]

   Synonyms: varpa, fleygja, henda

   Kastaðu boltanum hingað!

   Toss the ball here!

   Að kasta sér í sjóinn.

   To hurl oneself into the ocean.

2. (baseball) to pitch [with dative ‘something’]
3. (basketball) to shoot [with dative ‘something’]
4. (equestrianism) to foal; to give birth to, to bear [with dative ‘offspring’]

Conjugation

kasta — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kasta
supine (sagnbót)		kastað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kastandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kasta	við köstum	present (nútíð)	ég kasti	við köstum
	þú kastar	þið kastið		þú kastir	þið kastið
	hann, hún, það kastar	þeir, þær, þau kasta		hann, hún, það kasti	þeir, þær, þau kasti
past (þátíð)	ég kastaði	við köstuðum	past (þátíð)	ég kastaði	við köstuðum
	þú kastaðir	þið köstuðuð		þú kastaðir	þið köstuðuð
	hann, hún, það kastaði	þeir, þær, þau köstuðu		hann, hún, það kastaði	þeir, þær, þau köstuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	kasta (þú)	kastið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kastaðu	kastiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kastast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kastast
supine (sagnbót)		kastast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kastandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kastast	við köstumst	present (nútíð)	ég kastist	við köstumst
	þú kastast	þið kastist		þú kastist	þið kastist
	hann, hún, það kastast	þeir, þær, þau kastast		hann, hún, það kastist	þeir, þær, þau kastist
past (þátíð)	ég kastaðist	við köstuðumst	past (þátíð)	ég kastaðist	við köstuðumst
	þú kastaðist	þið köstuðust		þú kastaðist	þið köstuðust
	hann, hún, það kastaðist	þeir, þær, þau köstuðust		hann, hún, það kastaðist	þeir, þær, þau köstuðust
imperative (boðháttur)	kastast (þú)	kastist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kastastu	kastisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kastaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kastaður	köstuð	kastað		kastaðir	kastaðar	köstuð
accusative (þolfall)	kastaðan	kastaða	kastað		kastaða	kastaðar	köstuð
dative (þágufall)	köstuðum	kastaðri	köstuðu		köstuðum	köstuðum	köstuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	kastaðs	kastaðrar	kastaðs		kastaðra	kastaðra	kastaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kastaði	kastaða	kastaða		köstuðu	köstuðu	köstuðu
accusative (þolfall)	kastaða	köstuðu	kastaða		köstuðu	köstuðu	köstuðu
dative (þágufall)	kastaða	köstuðu	kastaða		köstuðu	köstuðu	köstuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	kastaða	köstuðu	kastaða		köstuðu	köstuðu	köstuðu

Derived terms

• kasta af sér vatni
• kasta aftur
• kasta á glæ
• kasta eign sinni á
• kasta eign sinni á einhvern
• kasta einhverju fram
• kasta fram
• kasta fram vísu
• kasta kveðju á
• kasta kveðju á einhvern
• kasta mæðinni
• kasta perlum fyrir svín
• kasta rýrð á
• kasta rýrð á eitthvað
• kasta upp
• kastaður
• kastari

Related terms

• kast

See also

• verpa

Noun

kasta

1. indefinite genitive plural of kast

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kasta

1. indefinite genitive plural of köstur

Anagrams

• skata, taska

Indonesian

Etymology

From Portuguese casta, possibly from the feminine of casto (“chaste”), from Old Galician-Portuguese casto, from Latin castus) or from Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*kastan) or *𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*kasts), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), *kastuz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkast̪a]
• Hyphenation: kas‧ta

Noun

kasta (plural)

1. caste: a separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly associate with each other, especially hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies.

Affixed terms

• berkasta

Compounds

• kasta brahmana
• kasta kesatria
• kasta paria
• kasta sudra
• kasta waisya

Further reading

• “kasta” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Kasten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkas.ta/
• Rhymes: -asta
• Syllabification: kas‧ta

Noun

kasta m inan (diminutive kastka)

1. chest

   Synonyms: czista, skrzënia

Declension

Declension of kasta

	singular	plural
nominative	kasta	kastë
genitive	kastë	kast/kastów
dative	kasce	kastë
accusative	kastã	kastóm
instrumental	kastą	kastama
locative	kasce	kastach
vocative	kasto	kastë

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “skrzynia”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “skrzynia”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• “kasta”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• kastene (of noun)
• kastet (of verb)

Noun

kasta n

1. definite plural of kast

Verb

kasta

1. inflection of kaste:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• kaste

Etymology

From Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²kɑstɑ/

Verb

kasta (present tense kastar, past tense kasta, past participle kasta, passive infinitive kastast, present participle kastande, imperative kasta/kast)

1. to throw

   Kor langt kan du kasta denne?

   How far can you throw this one?

Conjugation

Conjugation of kasta — (weak class 3)

infinitive	kasta, kaste
present participle	kastande
past participle	kasta
supine	kasta
indicative	present	past
singular	kastar	kasta
plural1	kasta	―
subjunctive	present	past
	kaste	―
imperative	present
singular	kasta, kast
plural1	kaste

¹Rare today.

References

• “kasta” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kastōną.

Verb

kasta

1. to cast, to throw [with dative]

Conjugation

Conjugation of kasta — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	kasta
present participle	kastandi
past participle	kastaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kasta	kastaða
2nd-person singular	kastar	kastaðir
3rd-person singular	kastar	kastaði
1st-person plural	kǫstum	kǫstuðum
2nd-person plural	kastið	kǫstuðuð
3rd-person plural	kasta	kǫstuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kasta	kastaða
2nd-person singular	kastir	kastaðir
3rd-person singular	kasti	kastaði
1st-person plural	kastim	kastaðim
2nd-person plural	kastið	kastaðið
3rd-person plural	kasti	kastaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kasta
1st-person plural	kǫstum
2nd-person plural	kastið

Conjugation of kasta — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	kastask
present participle	kastandisk
past participle	kastazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kǫstumk	kǫstuðumk
2nd-person singular	kastask	kastaðisk
3rd-person singular	kastask	kastaðisk
1st-person plural	kǫstumsk	kǫstuðumsk
2nd-person plural	kastizk	kǫstuðuzk
3rd-person plural	kastask	kǫstuðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kǫstumk	kǫstuðumk
2nd-person singular	kastisk	kastaðisk
3rd-person singular	kastisk	kastaðisk
1st-person plural	kastimsk	kastaðimsk
2nd-person plural	kastizk	kastaðizk
3rd-person plural	kastisk	kastaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kastask
1st-person plural	kǫstumsk
2nd-person plural	kastizk

Derived terms

• kasta um (“to throw about, turn around (something)”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: kasta
• Faroese: kasta
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kasta
• Old Swedish: kasta
  • Swedish: kasta
• Danish: kaste
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kaste
• → North Frisian: kastin
• → Middle English: casten, kesten
  • Scots: cast
  • English: cast
    • → Dutch: casten
    • → German: casten
    • → French: caster

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kasta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną.

Verb

kasta

1. to throw, cast

Conjugation

Conjugation of kasta (weak)

	present			past
infinitive	kasta			—
participle	kastandi, -e			kastaþer
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	kastar	kasti, -e	—	kastaþi, -e	kastaþi, -e
þū	kastar	kasti, -e	kasta	kastaþi, -e	kastaþi, -e
han	kastar	kasti, -e	—	kastaþi, -e	kastaþi, -e
vīr	kastum, -om	kastum, -om	kastum, -om	kastaþum, -om	kastaþum, -om
īr	kastin	kastin	kastin	kastaþin	kastaþin
þēr	kasta	kastin	—	kastaþu, -o	kastaþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	kastas	kastis, -es	—	kastaþis, -es	kastaþis, -es
þū	kastas	kastis, -es	—	kastaþis, -es	kastaþis, -es
han	kastas	kastis, -es	—	kastaþis, -es	kastaþis, -es
vīr	kastums, -oms	kastums, -oms	—	kastaþums, -oms	kastaþums, -oms
īr	kastins	kastins	—	kastaþins	kastaþins
þēr	kastas	kastins	—	kastaþus, -os	kastaþins

Descendants

• Swedish: kasta

References

• kasta in Knut Fredrik Söderwall, Ordbok öfver svenska medeltids-språket, del 1: A-L

Polish

Etymology

Internationalism; compare English caste, French caste, German Kaste, ultimately from Portuguese casta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkas.ta/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -asta
• Syllabification: kas‧ta

Noun

kasta f (related adjective kastowy)

1. (Hinduism) caste (any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies)
2. caste (separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly associate with each other)
3. (zoology) caste (class of polymorphous eusocial insects of a particular size and function within a colony)

Declension

Declension of kasta

	singular	plural
nominative	kasta	kasty
genitive	kasty	kast
dative	kaście	kastom
accusative	kastę	kasty
instrumental	kastą	kastami
locative	kaście	kastach
vocative	kasto	kasty

Related terms

(nouns):

• kastowość

Further reading

• kasta in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kasta in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• kasta in PWN's encyclopedia

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta (“lineage, breed”).

Noun

kȁsta f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ста)

1. caste

Declension

Declension of kasta

	singular	plural
nominative	kȁsta	kaste
genitive	kaste	kȃstā / kȃstī
dative	kasti	kastama
accusative	kastu	kaste
vocative	kasto	kaste
locative	kasti	kastama
instrumental	kastom	kastama

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish kasta, from Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk kasta, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål kaste and English cast.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kasta (present kastar, preterite kastade, supine kastat, imperative kasta)

1. to throw (make an object fly through the air)

   Han kastade ett spjut

   He threw a spear

   1. to roll (a die)

      Hon kastade tärningen

      She rolled the dice [die] [not figurative]

2. to throw away, discard, dispose of

   Han kastade prylen han inte längre använde

   He threw away the thing he no longer used

3. (reflexive) to throw oneself

   Han kastade sig till marken

   He threw himself to the ground

4. to cast (a shadow)

   Träden kastade långa skuggor

   The trees cast long shadows

5. (card games) to discard, slough

   Han kastade kortet

   He discarded the card

Conjugation

Conjugation of kasta (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	kasta		kastas
supine	kastat		kastats
imperative	kasta		—
imper. plural1	kasten		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	kastar	kastade	kastas	kastades
ind. plural1	kasta	kastade	kastas	kastades
subjunctive2	kaste	kastade	kastes	kastades
present participle		kastande
past participle		kastad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Synonyms

• slänga (bit less powerful- and more sloppy-sounding)

Related terms

• avkasta
• bortkasta
• förkasta
• inkasta
• kast
• kasta ankar
• kasta av
• kasta bort
• kasta handsken
• kasta in handduken
• kasta loss
• kasta sten i glashus
• kasta upp
• kasta ut
• kastmaskin
• smutskasta
• uppkasta
• utkasta

References

• kasta in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kasta in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kasta in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• aktas, askat, kasat, sakat, sakta, skata

Vilamovian

kasta

Etymology

From Middle High German kaste, from Old High German kasto. Cognate with German Kasten.

Noun

kasta m (diminutive kastła)

1. chest (strong box)

Yogad

Noun

kasta

1. beauty