heres

See also: hères and here's

English

Noun

heres

1. plural of here

Anagrams

• Herse, HREEs, Esher, sheer, heers, herse, Sheer, Rhees, Shere

Latin

Alternative forms

• haerēs

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χήρα (khḗra, “widow”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈheː.reːs/, [ˈheːreːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.res/, [ˈɛːres]

Noun

hērēs m or f (genitive hērēdis); third declension

1. heir, heiress
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.272–276:

     “Sī tē nūlla movet tantārum glōria rērum –
     [nec super ipse tuā mōlīris laude labōrem] –
     Ascanium surgentem et spēs hērēdis Iūlī
     respice, cui rēgnum Ītaliae Rōmānaque tellūs
     dēbentur.” [...]

     “If the glories of such deeds do not inspire you – [and moreover, neither are you yourself endeavoring an effort with merit] – consider Ascanius, [now] coming of age, and the hope of [your] heir Iulus, to whom is due the rule of Italy and the land of Rome.”
     (Mercury arrives to confront Aeneas, now lingering in Carthage, and foreshadows the family destiny. The god speaks two different names for Aeneas’s only son: Ascanius, and Iulus, whom Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus claimed as a royal ancestor. Note: Line 273 nearly duplicates line 234 and may be a corruption of the original text.)

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	hērēs	hērēdēs
genitive	hērēdis	hērēdum
dative	hērēdī	hērēdibus
accusative	hērēdem	hērēdēs
ablative	hērēde	hērēdibus
vocative	hērēs	hērēdēs

Derived terms

• cohēres
• exhērēdō
• hērēditārius
• hērēditās
• hērēditō
• hērēdium
• subhēres

Descendants

• Eastern Romance
  • Romanian: erede, herede
• Gallo-Italic
  • Piedmontese: erede
• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Italian: reda, erede
  • Sicilian: redi, eredi
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: hereu
• Old French: eir
  • Anglo-Norman: heir, aire
    • → Middle English: heir
      • English: heir
      • Scots: heir
      • → Welsh: aer
  • French: hoir (obsolete)
  • → Middle Irish: eigre
    • Irish: oidhre
    • Manx: eirey
    • Scottish Gaelic: oighre
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: erêt, erêd
  • Romansch: ierta
• West Iberian
  • Aragonese: hereu
  • Galician: heree (archaic)

References

• “heres”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “heres”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• heres in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• heres in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to appoint some one as heir in one's will: aliquem heredem testamento scribere, facere
    
  • to be some one's heir: heredem esse alicui
    
  • sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate: heres ex asse, ex dodrante
    
  • heir to two-thirds of the property: heres ex besse
    
• “heres”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “heres”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From here +‎ -es. Compare þeires.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɛris/, /ˈhɛːris/

Pronoun

heres (nominative he)

1. Third-person plural possessive pronoun: theirs, of them

   Synonym: heren

Alternative forms

• hers, heyres, herres, heores, heoræs, hires, hirs, hores, hares, hures

Descendants

• English: hers (obsolete)

See also

Middle English personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive	possessive
singular	1st-person		I, ich, ik	me		min mi1	min
	2nd-person		þou	þe		þin þi1	þin
	3rd-person	m	he	him hine2	him	his	his hisen
		f	sche, heo	hire heo	hire		hire hires, hiren
		n	hit		hit him2	his, hit	—
dual3	1st-person		wit	unk		unker
	2nd-person		ȝit	inc		inker
plural	1st-person		we	us, ous		oure	oure oures, ouren
	2nd-person4		ye	yow		your	your youres, youren
	3rd-person	inh.	he	hem he2	hem	here	here heres, heren
		bor.	þei	þem, þeim		þeir	þeir þeires, þeiren

¹Used preconsonantally or before h.
²Early or dialectal.
³Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
⁴Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References

• “hē̆res, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Noun

heres (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of hereos (“love-sickness”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

heres

1. Alternative form of hires (“hers”)

Etymology 4

Noun

heres

1. plural of here (“haircloth”)

Etymology 5

Verb

heres

1. Alternative form of herest: second-person singular present of heren