bleak

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bliːk/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːk

Etymology 1

From Middle English bleke (also bleche, whence the English doublet bleach (“pale, bleak”)), and bleike (due to Old Norse), and earlier Middle English blak, blac (“pale, wan”), from Old English blǣc, blǣċ, blāc (“bleak, pale, pallid”) and Old Norse bleikr (“pale, whitish”), all from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz (“pale, shining”).

Cognate with Dutch bleek (“pale, wan, pallid”), Low German blek (“pale”), German bleich (“pale, wan, sallow”), Danish bleg (“pale”), Swedish blek (“pale, pallid”), Norwegian Bokmål bleik, blek (“pale”), Norwegian Nynorsk bleik (“pale”), Faroese bleikur (“pale”), Icelandic bleikur (“pale, pink”).

Adjective

bleak (comparative bleaker, superlative bleakest)

1. Without color; pale; pallid.
   • 1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC:

     When she came out she looked as pale and as bleak as one that were laid out dead.

2. Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.

   a bleak and bare rock    a bleak, crater-pocked moonscape

   They escaped across the bleak landscape.

   We hiked across open meadows and climbed bleak mountains.

   • 1793, William Wordsworth, Descriptive Sketches:

     Wastes too bleak to rear / The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.

   • 1840 January 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Ballads.] The Wreck of the Hesperus.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, →OCLC, stanza 20, page 47:

     At daybreak, on the bleak sea-beach, / A fisherman stood aghast, / To see the form of a maiden fair, / Lashed close to a drifting mast.

3. Unhappy; cheerless; miserable; emotionally desolate.

   Downtown Albany felt bleak that February after the divorce.

   A bleak future is in store for you.

   The news is bleak.

   The survey paints a bleak picture.

   • 2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[1], archived from the original on 22 May 2019:

     Dany didn’t necessarily have to die, but letting her live would’ve been an assessment of humanity so bleak that even George R.R. Martin, it seems, wants to hope for something better.

Synonyms

• (sickly pale): see also Thesaurus:pallid

Derived terms

• bleaken
• bleakish
• bleakly
• bleakness
• bleakonomics
• bleaksome
• unbleak

 

Translations

without color

• Armenian: դժգույն (hy) (džguyn)
• Bulgarian: блед (bg) (bled), безцветен (bg) (bezcveten)
• Catalan: pàl·lid (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 苍白 (zh) (cāngbái)

• Czech: bledý (cs)
• Danish: bleg (da)
• Dutch: bleek (nl), kleurloos (nl)
• Estonian: kaame, kahvatu, plass
• Finnish: kalpea (fi), väritön (fi)
• French: morne (fr), terne (fr)
• Georgian: უფერული (uperuli), ფერმკრთალი (permḳrtali)
• German: farblos (de), bleich (de), ausgeblichen
• Greek: άχρωμος (el) m (áchromos)
• Italian: pallido (it), incolore (it)
• Portuguese: pálido (pt)
• Romanian: palid (ro), spălăcit (ro)
• Russian: бесцве́тный (ru) (bescvétnyj), бле́дный (ru) (blédnyj)
• Sicilian: giarnu (scn), sbiancatu, sghiancatu
• Spanish: sin color, pálido (es)
• Swedish: blek (sv), färglös (sv)
• Turkish: solgun (tr), soluk (tr), renksiz (tr)

desolate and exposed

• Armenian: դժգույն (hy) (džguyn)
• Bulgarian: гол (bg) (gol), открит (bg) (otkrit)
• Catalan: desolat (ca), erm (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 荒凉 (zh) (huāngliáng)

• Czech: neutěšený (cs), nehostinný, pustý (cs)
• Dutch: desolaat (nl), guur (nl)
• Finnish: karu (fi), paljas (fi)
• Georgian: ღია (ɣia), დაუცველი (daucveli), მოტიტვლებული (moṭiṭvlebuli)
• German: öde (de), ungeschützt (de), trostlos (de), kahl (de), karg (de), desolat (de)
• Greek: έρημος (el) m (érimos), ψυχρός (el) m (psychrós)
• Irish: argail, dearóil
• Italian: desolato (it)
• Manx: meayl
• Maori: hāhā, mōwai, hahore, tūhea
• Portuguese: desolado
• Romanian: pustiu (ro)
• Russian: го́лый (ru) (gólyj), откры́тый (ru) (otkrýtyj), незащищённый (ru) (nezaščiščónnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: lom
• Sicilian: ngustiatu
• Spanish: desolado (es), yermo (es)

cheerless

• Armenian: դժգույն (hy) (džguyn)
• Bulgarian: мрачен (bg) (mračen), безрадостен (bg) (bezradosten)
• Catalan: amargat (ca), pansit (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 黯淡 (zh) (àndàn), 惨淡 (zh) (cǎndàn)

• Czech: neradostný, bezútěšný, pochmurný (cs)
• Dutch: vreugdeloos (nl)
• Finnish: synkkä (fi), kolkko (fi)
• French: morne (fr)
• German: freudlos (de), trostlos (de), trübe (de), düster (de), desolat (de)
• Greek: άχαρος (el) m (ácharos), θλιβερός (el) m (thliverós), άθλιος (el) m (áthlios)
• Irish: dearóil
• Italian: triste (it), misero (it), infelice (it)
• Maori: mōkinokino
• Portuguese: desanimado (pt)
• Romanian: palid (ro), dezolat (ro), trist (ro)
• Russian: мра́чный (ru) (mráčnyj), безра́достный (ru) (bezrádostnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: gruamach
• Sicilian: mischinu (scn), nfilici
• Spanish: sin alegría (es), amargado (es)
• Swedish: dyster (sv)
• Turkish: kasvetli (tr), kara (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} bled (sl) (1)

Etymology 2

From Middle English bleke (“small river fish, bleak, blay”), perhaps an alteration (due to Old English blǣc (“bright”) or Old Norse bleikja) of Old English blǣġe (“bleak, blay, gudgeon”); or perhaps from a diminutive of Middle English *bleye (“blay”), equivalent to blay +‎ -ock or blay +‎ -kin. See blay.

Noun

bleak (plural bleaks or bleak)

1. A small European river fish (Alburnus alburnus), of the family Cyprinidae.

Synonyms

• ablet
• alburn
• blay

Derived terms

• Danube bleak
• sunbleak

Translations

small European river fish

• Albanian: gjuhcë (sq) f, cironkë (sq) f, cime f, korobace
• Bulgarian: уклей m (uklej), блескач m (bleskač)
• Catalan: alburn (ca)
• Czech: ouklej obecená f
• Dutch: bliek (nl) m
• Estonian: viidikas
• Finnish: salakka (fi)
• French: ablette (fr) f
• German: Laube (de) m, Ukelei (de) m
• Greek: σίρκο n (sírko)
• Hungarian: küsz (hu), szélhajtó küsz (hu), sneci (hu)
• Ingrian: ukleikka
• Italian: alborella (it) f, alburno (it) m
• Komi-Zyrian: бадькормык (baďkormyk), бадькор (baďkor), шаклей (šakľej)
• Latin: alburnus m, albica f (Mediaeval)
• Latvian: vīķe f
• Luxembourgish: Aalbes (lb) f
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: мыле (myĺe), вишкыле (viškyĺe), шапкагол (šapkagol)

  Western Mari: сильди (siĺdi)

• Mazanderani: اسلف (aslef), اسلک (aslek)
• Old English: blǣġe f
• Polish: ukleja (pl) f
• Portuguese: alburnete m
• Russian: укле́йка (ru) f (ukléjka)
• Serbo-Croatian: uklija (sh) f
• Spanish: albur (es) m, alburno (es)
• Swedish: löja (sv) c
• Udmurt: бадькуар (baďkuar), вувылчорыг (vuvylćoryg)
• Ukrainian: верхово́дка f (verxovódka)

Anagrams

• Balke, Blake, Kabel, Kaleb, blake