Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti
Appearance
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grā́ˀbīˀtei.
- Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb-; meanings "to rake" in daughter languages from confusion with the root *gʰrebʰ- (see Proto-Slavic *gretì (“to dig, to rake, to scrape”)). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gróbti (“to seize”), Latvian grābt (“to seize”). Indo-European cognates include Old Norse grápa (“to seize”). The same confusion appears to have happened elsewhere; compare Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”). Avestan: grab- ‘to grab, seize, take’, Old Persian: grab- ‘to seize (as possesion), Persian گرفتن (gereftan), پذیرفتن (paziroftan).[1] English grab vs. Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), all of which come from *gʰrebʰ-. Derksen does not derive this verb from *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-.
- Per Vasmer, Chernykh and Trubachev, this verb in fact derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from *gʰreb-; see also Proto-Slavic *gretì. Chernykh describes it as the causative of *gretì.
- Per Rix (LIV), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrobh₂-éye-ti, from *gʰrebh₂-, which allows for Winter's law and also accounts for the Sanskrit -(b)h- (but still doesn't account for the Germanic forms, which are supposed to derive from a different root *gʰrebʰ-).
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *grabiti, *grabi, *grabitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*grabľenьje | *grabiti | *grabitъ | *grabilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *grabľenъ | *grabimъ |
Active | *grabľь | *grabę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *grabixъ | *grabi | *grabi | *grabľǫ | *grabiši | *grabitь |
Dual | *grabixově | *grabista | *grabiste | *grabivě | *grabita | *grabite |
Plural | *grabixomъ | *grabiste | *grabišę | *grabimъ | *grabite | *grabętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *grabľaaxъ | *grabľaaše | *grabľaaše | — | *grabi | *grabi |
Dual | *grabľaaxově | *grabľaašeta | *grabľaašete | *grabivě | *grabita | — |
Plural | *grabľaaxomъ | *grabľaašete | *grabľaaxǫ | *grabimъ | *grabite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*grabivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)
- Belarusian: гра́біць (hrábicʹ)
- Russian: гра́бить (grábitʹ)
- Ukrainian: грабува́ти (hrabuváty)
- Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: grabit
Further reading
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гра́бить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 210
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гра́бить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 97
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰrebh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 201
References
[edit]- ^ Cheung, Johnny. 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill. p.119.
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gràbiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. (a) ‘seize, grab’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “grabiti: grabjǫ grabitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a røve (PR 133; MP 26f.)”
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic verbs
- Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs
- sla-conj with extra parameters/n
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-
- Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a