Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hásti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Verb

*Hásti (root *Has-)

1. to be

Inflection

    Present forms of *Hásti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*Hásmi	*Hswás	*Hsmás	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
2nd	*Hási	*Hstʰás	*Hstʰá	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
3rd	*Hásti	*Hstás	*Hsánti	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
Imperative
1st	*HásaHni	*HásaHwa	*HásaHma	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
2nd	*Hzdʰí	*Hstám	*Hstá	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
3rd	*Hstú	*Hstā́m	*Hsántu	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
Optative
1st	*HsyáHm	*HsyáHwa	*HsyáHma	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
2nd	*HsyáHs	*HsyáHtam	*HsyáHta	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
3rd	*HsyáHt	*HsyáHtām	*Hsyúnt	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
Participles	*Hsáns			*-			*-

    Imperfect forms of *Hásti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*áHasam	*áHaswa	*áHasma	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
2nd	*áHasiHs	*áHastam	*áHasta	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-
3rd	*áHasiHt	*áHastām	*áHasant	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hásti
  • Sanskrit: अस्ति (ásti)
    • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
      • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
      • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
        • Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘝𑘲 (ātī), 𑘁𑘞𑘲 (āthī)
          • Marathi: आथि (āthi) (poetic)
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
        • Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)
          • Hindustani: āthnā

            Hindi: आथना

            Urdu: آتَھنا (āthanā)

        • Sindhi:

          Arabic script: اَٿَ (atha)

          Devanagari script: अथ (atha)

    • Konkani:
      • Kodiali: असूंचे (asūñce)
      • Goan: आस्चे (āsce)
      • Maharashtrian: आस्चे (āsce) (not to be confused with Marathi असणे (asṇe, “to be”), which comes from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti, “to be”)
    • Dardic:
      • Northeast Pashayi: āsta
      • Northwest Pashayi: āsta
      • Southeast Pashayi: āsta
      • Southwest Pashayi: āsta
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: ඇති (æti)
• Proto-Iranian: *Hásti
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (asti), 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍 (astī)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      • Northern Kurdish: e
      • Central Kurdish: ە (e)
      • Southern Kurdish: is
    • Zazaki: esto, esta, estê
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (astiy)
      • Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭲𐭩 (ast)
        • Persian: است (ast), هست (hast)
        • Tajik: аст (ast), ҳаст (hast)
• Proto-Nuristani: *ásati
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: asë́-

      Kativiri: asë́-

    • Prasuni: so, -so
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: së-
    • Tregami: -s
    • Waigali: -ës-