Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tetḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reanalyzed reduplication from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”).

Reconstruction

Before the modern deciphering of thorn clusters, this root was formerly represented as *tekþ-, *teḱþ-.^[1] This analysis has now been abandoned.

Root

*tetḱ- (imperfective)^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

to create, produce
to cut, hew

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ- (13 c, 0 e)

*tḗtḱ-ti ~ *tétḱ-n̥ti (Narten imperfective)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *téśtei
  - Latvian: test
  - Proto-Slavic: *tesàti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́ćšti, *táćšati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́ṭṣṭi, *táṭṣati
    - Sanskrit: ताष्टि (tā́ṣṭi), तक्षति (tákṣati, 3pl.)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tā́šti, *tášati
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙𐬌 (auui tāšti), 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙 (tāšt)
    - Old Persian: 𐏃𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎡𐎹 (h-t-x-š-t-i-y /⁠haᵐtaxšataiy⁠/)
  - Proto-Nuristani: *táscati
    - Northern Nuristani:
      - Kamkata-viri:
        Kamviri: taćë́-
        
        Kativiri: sëćé-
    - Southern Nuristani:
      - Ashkun: tō̃́ćie-
- Proto-Italic: *teksō (perhaps) (or from *teḱ-s-e-ti)
  - Latin: texō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: tāks-
*totḱ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: tašýti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣáyati
    - Sanskrit: तक्षयति (takṣáyati)
*tétḱ-ō ~ *tḱ-nés (“carpenter”) (see there for further descendants)
*tetḱ-(dʰ)lo- (“adze”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *tesla, *teslò (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tāxslos
  - Primitive Irish: ᚈᚐᚂᚐᚌᚅᚔ (talagni) (perhaps)
    - Old Irish: tál
      - Irish: tál
- Proto-Germanic: *þehslō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: tēla, tēlum (or from Proto-Indo-European *tend-)
*tetḱ-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsō
  - Old English: þeox
  - Old High German: dehsa
    - Middle High German: dehse
      - German: Dechse
*tetḱ-sneh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέχνη (tékhnē), τέχνᾱ (tékhnā) — Doric
    - Greek: τέχνη (téchni)
    - → Latin: techna
    - English: techno-
*tₔtḱ-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšṭás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: तष्ट (taṣṭá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *taštáh
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (tašta)
    - Middle Persian: tšt' (tašt), [script needed] (tʾšytk /⁠tāšīdag⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (tʾst /⁠tāst⁠/), [script needed] (tʾstg /⁠tāstag⁠/)
      - → Persian: طاس (tâs) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Old Armenian: տաշեմ (tašem)
      - Armenian: տաշել (tašel)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: testa
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *tēkslā^[11]
  - Proto-Albanian: *tāslā
    - Albanian: tollë
- Proto-Albanian: *taksjā^[12]
  - Albanian: teshë

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tek̑þ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1058-1059
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tetk̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 638-639
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “tašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesla; teslò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέκτων”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1460
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*taš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-385
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “tāks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tāxslo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tollë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “teshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tek̑þ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1058-1059

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tetk̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 638-639

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “tašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491

[5] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesla; teslò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέκτων”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1460

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619

[8] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*taš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-385

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “tāks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[10] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tāxslo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375

[11] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tollë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[12] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “teshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

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