Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tesati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew”), perhaps from a reduplication of *teḱ- (“to strike”) (compare Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “to slay”)).

Verb

*tesàti impf^[1]^[2]^[3]

to hew, to hack
(via specialization) to patch, to trim (with tool)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tesati, *tesa, *tešetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tesanьje	*tesati	*tesatъ	*tesalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tesanъ	*tešemъ
Active	*tesavъ	*tešę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tesaxъ	*tesa	*tesa	*tešǫ	*tešeši	*tešetь
Dual	*tesaxově	*tesasta	*tesaste	*teševě	*tešeta	*tešete
Plural	*tesaxomъ	*tesaste	*tesašę	*tešemъ	*tešete	*tešǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tesaaxъ	*tesaaše	*tesaaše	—	*teši	*teši
Dual	*tesaaxově	*tesaašeta	*tesaašete	*tešivě	*tešita	—
Plural	*tesaaxomъ	*tesaašete	*tesaaxǫ	*tešimъ	*tešite	—

Later in some descendants:

Conjugation of *tesati, *tesa, *tesajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tesanьje	*tesati	*tesatъ	*tesalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tesanъ	*tesajemъ
Active	*tesavъ	*tesaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tesaxъ	*tesa	*tesa	*tesajǫ	*tesaješi	*tesajetь
Dual	*tesaxově	*tesasta	*tesaste	*tesajevě	*tesajeta	*tesajete
Plural	*tesaxomъ	*tesaste	*tesašę	*tesajemъ	*tesajete	*tesajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tesaaxъ	*tesaaše	*tesaaše	—	*tesaji	*tesaji
Dual	*tesaaxově	*tesaašeta	*tesaašete	*tesajivě	*tesajita	—
Plural	*tesaaxomъ	*tesaašete	*tesaaxǫ	*tesajimъ	*tesajite	—

Derived terms

*tesъ (“timber”)
*tesařь (“carpenter”)
*tesadlo, *tesakъ (“hacking tool (cleaver, hatchet, adze)”)

Related terms

*tesla / *teslo (“adze”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тесати (tesati)
  - Russian: теса́ть (tesátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: теса́ти (tesáty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: тесати (tesati)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱄⰰⱅⰹ (tesati)
- Bulgarian: те́сам (tésam) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тѐсати
  
  Latin script: tèsati
- Slovene: tesáti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: tesat
- Polish: ciosać
  - → Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)
- Slovak: tesať
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ćesać

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tesati: tesjǫ tesjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b glatte, tilhugge (SA 210; PR 136)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tesati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tesa̋ti”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “tesati: tesjǫ tesjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b glatte, tilhugge (SA 210; PR 136)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “tesati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tesa̋ti”

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