pereo

Esperanto

Pronunciation

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Noun

pereo (accusative singular pereon, plural pereoj, accusative plural pereojn)

1. demise, perdition
2. accident
3. shipwreck

Latin

Etymology

From per- (“through”) +‎ eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.re.oː/, [ˈpɛreoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.re.o/, [ˈpɛːreo]

Verb

pereō (present infinitive perīre, perfect active periī or perīvī, supine peritum); irregular conjugation, irregular, impersonal in the passive

1. to perish, pass away, die, be ruined

   Synonyms: morior, dēcēdō, exspīrō, dēficiō, occidō, dēfungor, occumbō, excēdō, discēdō, intereō, cadō, obeō, perdor

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.267–268:

     ‘flōrē semel laesō pereunt viciaecque fabaeque,
     et pereunt lentēs, advena Nīle, tuae.’

     “Once the blossom has been damaged, the vetches and the beans perish, and your lentils perish, oh foreign [River] Nile.”
     (The poetic voice is that of Flora (mythology).)

2. to vanish, disappear, come to nothing

   Synonyms: cedō, discedō, decēdō, concēdō, excēdō, intereō

   Antonyms: crescō, exorior, orior, coorior, oborior, appāreō, pāreō, ēmergō, procedō

3. to leak; to be absorbed
4. to pine away with love

Usage notes

This verb served as the original passive of perdere ("to destroy," "to ruin," "to waste," "to lose").

Conjugation

Irregular, like eō (“go”), which it compounds. The perfect is usually contracted to periī, but occasionally appears as perīvī.

Conjugation of pereō (irregular, impersonal in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pereō	perīs	perit	perīmus	perītis	pereunt
	imperfect	perībam	perībās	perībat	perībāmus	perībātis	perībant
	future	perībō	perībis	perībit	perībimus	perībitis	perībunt
	perfect	periī, perīvī	perīstī, perīvistī	periit, perīvit	periimus	perīstis	periērunt, periēre
	pluperfect	perieram	perierās	perierat	perierāmus	perierātis	perierant
	future perfect	perierō	perieris	perierit	perierimus	perieritis	perierint
passive	present	—	—	perītur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	perībātur	—	—	—
	future	—	—	perībitur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	peritum est	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	peritum erat	—	—	—
	future perfect	—	—	peritum erit	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	peream	pereās	pereat	pereāmus	pereātis	pereant
	imperfect	perīrem	perīrēs	perīret	perīrēmus	perīrētis	perīrent
	perfect	perierim	perierīs	perierit	perierīmus	perierītis	perierint
	pluperfect	perīssem	perīssēs	perīsset	perīssēmus	perīssētis	perīssent
passive	present	—	—	pereātur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	perīrētur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	peritum sit	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	peritum esset, peritum foret	—	—	—
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perī	—	—	perīte	—
	future	—	perītō	perītō	—	perītōte	pereuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perīre	perīsse	peritūrum esse	perīrī	peritum esse	—
participles		periēns	—	peritūrus	—	peritum	pereundum
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pereundī	pereundō	pereundum	pereundō	peritum	peritū

Coordinate terms

• perdō

Derived terms

• compereō
• dēpereō
• dispereō
• perītiō

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: chiriri
  • Romanian: pieri
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: perire
  • Sicilian: piriri
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: perî
  • Romansch: perir, prir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: perir
  • Occitan: perir
  • Old French: perir
    • Middle French: perir
      • French: périr
    • → Middle English: perishen (via the stem periss-)
      • English: perish
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]
    • Galician: perecer
    • Portuguese: perecer
  • Old Spanish: perir ⇒ peresçer
    • Spanish: perecer
  • → Basque: peritu

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “perīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 247

Further reading

• “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pereo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to die of starvation: fame confici, perire, interire
    
  • to die a natural death: morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi
    
  • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • the book has been lost: liber intercidit, periit
    
  • they perished to a man: ad unum omnes perierunt