-tán
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tan"
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Lexicalization of -ta (noun-forming suffix combined with the possessive) + -n (superessive suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tán
- (adverb-forming suffix) Added to certain verbs to form an adverb, usually in the sense “on doing something” (for transitive verbs) or “after/once something happens” (for intransitive verbs).
- ad (“to give”) + -tán → adtán, now only construed with alkalom (“occasion”) → alkalomadtán (“should the occasion arise”, literally “once [an] occasion is given, i.e. supplied”)
- fogy (“to diminish, run out”) + -tán → fogytán (“in short supply, [in the state of] running out”)
- foly(ik) (“to flow”) + -tán → folytán (“owing to, by virtue of, as a result of”, literally “once something has flown, i.e., happened”)
- lát (“to see”) + -tán → láttán (“on seeing”)
- múl(ik) (“to pass”) + -tán → múltán (“after … passed”)
- olvas (“to read”) + -tán → olvastán (“on reading”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Variants:
- -tán is added to most back-vowel verbs (though currently few verbs altogether):
- -atán is added to the following back-vowel verb whose stem ends in two consonants:
- In certain phrases, the superessive suffix is replaced by -kor, -ban/-ben or -val/-vel, with a similar meaning: ott jártakor; jártában-keltében, álltában, egyfolytában, (kutya)futtában, következtében, ijedtében, reptében/röptében, siettében; postafordultával, múltával, előrehaladtával, végeztével.
- Other verbs might occasionally take this suffix, however, those cases are not included above where the suffix -ta/-te creates a noun used with no suffix or other suffixes. For example, tud (“to know”) + -tán → tudtán, construed with kívül (“outside”) → tudtán kívül (“without someone’s knowledge, unbeknownst to someone”), as tudta (“one’s knowledge [of]”) can be used as a noun. Also, érkeztén (“on its arrival”) doesn’t need the derivation érkez(ik) (“to arrive”) + -tén as érkezte (“its arrival”) exists as a noun. Some of the examples above allow for both derivations, especially if archaic forms are included.