金剛

See also: 金刚

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

金剛 (Wu)
金剛 (Cantonese)
金剛 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese^?)

		metal; gold; money	hard; firm; strong hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly
trad. (金剛)		金	剛
simp. (金刚)		金	刚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ gong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîm-kông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kim-kong

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim¹ geng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingang
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-kang¹
  - Yale: jīn-gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingang
  - Palladius: цзиньган (czinʹgan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ gong¹
  - Yale: gām gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm-kông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˊ gong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim¹ gong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-kong
  - Tâi-lô: kim-kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kimkofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³ kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim¹ geng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim kṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: kim kang

Rime
Character	金	剛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居吟切	古郎切
Baxter	kim	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	gong¹

Etymology 1

Noun

金剛

(～石) diamond
(figuratively) object that is extremely hard and strong
(Buddhism) vajra
(Buddhism) tutelary of Buddhist teaching
- 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “金”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 249:
  
  就是金剛，我亦欲看伊處土。 [Teochew, trad.]
  就是金刚，我亦欲看伊处土。 [Teochew, simp.]
  zu⁷ si⁶ gim¹ geng¹, ua² ia⁷ ain³ kang³ i¹ go³ thou⁵. [Peng'im]
  Though he were the gods that guard the temple gates I would treat him as if he were clay.
pupa of some insects

Synonyms

(diamond): 金剛石／金刚石 (jīngāngshí), 鑽石／钻石 (zuànshí)

Derived terms

丈二金剛 / 丈二金刚
勝樂金剛 / 胜乐金刚
四大金剛 / 四大金刚
大輪金剛 / 大轮金刚 (Dàlún Jīngāng)
密跡金剛 / 密迹金刚
密集金剛 / 密集金刚
普巴金剛 / 普巴金刚 (Pǔbā Jīngāng)
沒那金剛鑽兒，也不攬那磁器傢伙 / 没那金刚钻儿，也不揽那磁器家伙
穢跡金剛 / 秽迹金刚
立地金剛 / 立地金刚
變形金剛 / 变形金刚 (biànxíng jīngāng)
金剛不壞之身 / 金刚不坏之身 (jīngāng bùhuài zhī shēn)
金剛努目 / 金刚努目
金剛山 / 金刚山 (Jīngāngshān)
金剛怒目 / 金刚怒目
金剛牆 / 金刚墙 (jīngāngqiáng)
金剛猩猩 / 金刚猩猩
金剛界 / 金刚界
金剛石 / 金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
金剛砂 / 金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
金剛經 / 金刚经
金剛身 / 金刚身
金剛鑽 / 金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
金剛鑽婚 / 金刚钻婚
金剛頂經 / 金刚顶经
金剛鸚鵡 / 金刚鹦鹉 (jīngāng yīngwǔ, “macaw”)
鐵金剛 / 铁金刚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (金剛):

→ Japanese: 金剛(こんごう) (kongō)
→ Vietnamese: kim cương (金剛)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English King Kong.

Proper noun

金剛

King Kong (fictional giant ape)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
金	剛
こん Grade: 1	ごう Grade: S
goon	kan'yōon

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

金剛

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Kongō

Wikipedia

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Vajra

Wikipedia

Etymology

/komʉ kau/ → /koŋɡau/ → /koŋɡɔː/ → /koŋɡoː/

From Middle Chinese 金剛 (MC kim kang), itself a translation of Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “diamond, adamant; thunderbolt”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Compare modern Cantonese 金剛 / 金刚 (gam¹ gong¹).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんごー [kóꜜǹgòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ŋɡo̞ː]

Noun

金(こん)剛(ごう) • (kongō) ^{←こんがう (kongau)^?}

an adamant (mythical rock thought to be of impenetrable hardness)
(by extension) something extremely solid and indestructible
(by extension) the firmness of one's own spirit and the strength of one's own spiritual power
Short for 金剛石 (kongōseki): a diamond as a mineral or gemstone
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛界 (kongōkai): the Diamond Realm in Vajrayana Buddhism
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛杵 (kongōsho): a vajra (Buddhist double-headed ceremonial mace)
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛力士 (kongō rikishi): a pair of vajra-wielding deities guarding most Buddhist temples
(Buddhism) Short for 金剛童子 (kongō dōshi): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Short for 金剛草履 (kongō zōri): a large zori made from straw or soft rush
(by extension, theater) an actor or prostitute in charge of footwear, mostly handling kongō zōri

Derived terms

Proper noun

金(こん)剛(ごう) • (Kongō) ^{←こんがう (Kongau)^?}

Short for 金剛座 (Kongōza): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
(theater) Short for 金剛流 (Kongō-ryū): a leading school of noh
(historical) a class of battlecruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy built before World War I, see Kongō-class battlecruiser on Wikipedia.Wikipedia (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
Hyponyms: 霧島 (Kirishima), 榛名 (Haruna), 比叡 (Hiei)
(historical) the lead ship of her class, which was rebuilt into a battleship in 1929, see Japanese battleship Kongō on Wikipedia.Wikipedia (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
a placename
a surname, especially used by masters of the Kongō-ryū
a male or female given name

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “金剛”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “金剛”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

Korean

Hanja in this term
金	剛

Noun

金剛 • (geumgang) (hangeul 금강)

hanja form^? of 금강 (“diamond”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
金	剛

Noun

金剛

chữ Hán form of kim cương (“diamond”).

[1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[2] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[3] “金剛”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[5] “金剛”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Proper noun

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Proper noun

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun