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烏弋山離

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

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phonetic
trad. (烏弋山離)
simp. (乌弋山离)
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Etymology

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First recorded in Chinese historiography in the Book of Han (《漢書·西域傳》) [2nd century]. Pulleyblank (1999) considers the derivation from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia) "long accepted", connects it with one of the numerous settlements bearing the name in what is now modern Afghanistan, and further notices that the final character (MC lje) would have corresponded to the level-tone (平聲) reading in Middle Chinese.

Doublet of 阿荔散, 亞歷山大 / 亚历山大 (Yàlìshāndà).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/3
Initial () (34) (36) (21) (37)
Final () (23) (134) (73) (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division () I III II III
Fanqie
Baxter 'u yik srean lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔuo/ /jɨk̚/ /ʃˠɛn/ /liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔuo/ /jɨk̚/ /ʃᵚæn/ /liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔo/ /iek̚/ /ʃæn/ /ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔɔ/ /jik̚/ /ʂəɨn/ /liə̆/
Li
Rong
/ʔo/ /iək̚/ /ʃɛn/ /lie/
Wang
Li
/u/ /jĭək̚/ /ʃæn/ /lǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔuo/ /i̯ək̚/ /ʂăn/ /lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wu1 jik6 saan1 lei4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 3/3 1/1 1/1 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shān
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ yik › ‹ srɛn › ‹ lje ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ʔ]ˁa/ /*ʔˁa/ /*lək/ /*s-ŋrar/ /*[r]aj/
English oh! 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) shoot arrow with string attached mountain, hill meet with, encounter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/3
No. 13077 14986 11052 7780
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qaː/ /*lɯɡ/ /*sreːn/ /*rel/
Notes

Proper noun

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烏弋山離

  1. () (historical) Alexandria; Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include: (Yu, 1998)
    1. Alexandria Arion, near Herat
    2. Alexandria Arachosia, near Kandahar
    3. Alexandria Prophthasia, possibly related to modern Farah
    4. Alexandria in Opiana, near modern Ghazni