涅槃

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (涅槃)		涅	槃
simp. #(涅槃)		涅	槃
alternative forms		泥洹 𢌽

Etymology

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna. Compare Thai นิพพาน (níp-paan).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nièpán

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nip⁶ pun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): net-phàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t-phoân / liap-phoân / lia̍p-phoân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niab⁴ puang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nièpán
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nièpán
    • Wade–Giles: nieh⁴-pʻan²
    • Yale: nyè-pán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niehparn
    • Palladius: непань (nepanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nip⁶ pun⁴
    • Yale: nihp pùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nip⁹ pun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nib⁶ pun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːp̚² pʰuːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: net-phàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ned^ˋ pan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ned⁵ pan²
    • Sinological IPA: /net̚² pʰan¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍t-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liadphoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: liap-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liapphoaan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍p-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liabphoaan
    • IPA (Taipei): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: niab⁴ puang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niap phuâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niap̚²⁻⁴ pʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: net ban

Rime
Character	涅	槃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	奴結切	薄官切
Baxter	net	ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/net̚/	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛt̚/	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛt̚/	/bwan/
Li Rong	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/niet̚/	/buɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/niet̚/	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	niè	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nit6	pun4

Noun

涅槃

1. (Buddhism) nirvana

Synonyms

• 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì)
• 寂滅／寂灭
• 滅度／灭度 (mièdù )
• 果果 (guǒguǒ)
• (abbreviation) 涅 (niè)

Derived terms

• 一佛出世，二佛涅槃 (yīfóchūshì, èrfónièpán)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (涅槃):

• → Japanese: 涅(ね)槃(はん) (nehan)
• → Korean: 열반(涅槃) (yeolban)
• → Vietnamese: niết bàn (涅槃)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “涅槃” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
涅	槃
ね Hyōgai	はん Hyōgai
kan'yōon	kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), or Pali nibbāna.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ねはん [nèháń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ねはん [néꜜhàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) ねはん [nèháꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ne̞hã̠ɴ]

Noun

涅(ね)槃(はん) • (nehan) 

1. (Buddhism) nirvana (enlightened experience)
   • 7th century, Prajñāpāramitā Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

     無(む)罣(け)礙(げ)故(こ)。無(む)有(う)恐(く)怖(ふ)。遠(おん)離(り)一(いっ)切(さい)顛(てん)倒(どう)夢(む)想(そう)。究(く)竟(ぎょう)涅(ね)槃(はん)。

     Mu kege ko, mu ku u fu. Onri issai tendō musō, kukyō nehan...

     Because there are no obstacles, there is no fear. Separating from everything, from all upside-down views and from attaining Nirvana, too.

   Synonyms: 寂滅 (jakumetsu), 泥洹 (naion), ニルバーナ (nirubāna)

2. (Buddhism) Short for 仏涅槃 (butsunehan): the death of the Sakyamuni Buddha
3. (Buddhism, by extension) death, dying

   Synonyms: 入寂 (nyūjaku), 入涅槃 (nyūnehan), 入滅 (nyūmetsu)

4. (Buddhism) Short for 涅槃会 (Nehan-e): an annual Buddhist service held on Parinirvana Day

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 涅(ね)槃(はん)会(え) (Nehan-e)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)絵(え) (Nehan-e)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)経(ぎょう) (Nehan-gyō)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)原(げん)則(そく) (nehan gensoku)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)講(‐こう) (Nehan‐kō)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)寂(じゃく)静(じょう) (nehan jakujō)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)宗(しゅう) (Nehan-shū)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)図(ず) (Nehanzu)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)像(ぞう) (nehan-zō)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)西(にし) (nehan nishi)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)西(にし)風(かぜ) (nehan nishikaze)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)門(もん) (nehanmon)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん)雪(ゆき) (nehan yuki)
• 有(う)余(よ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (uyo nehan)
• 究(く)竟(きょう)涅(ね)槃(はん) (kukyō nehan)
• 生(しょう)死(じ)即(そく)涅(ね)槃(はん) (shōji-soku nehan)
• 入(にゅう)涅(ね)槃(はん) (nyūnehan)
• 仏(ぶつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (butsunehan)
• 法(ほっ)華(け)涅(ね)槃(はん)時(じ) (Hokke Nehan-ji)
• 無(む)余(よ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (muyo nehan)

Proper noun

涅(ね)槃(はん) • (Nehan) 

1. Short for 涅槃経 (Nehan-gyō): the Nirvana Sutra

See also

• 般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (hatsunehan, “parinirvana”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
涅	槃

Noun

涅槃 • (yeolban) (hangeul 열반)

1. hanja form^? of 열반 (“(Buddhism) nirvana”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
涅	槃

Noun

涅槃

1. chữ Hán form of niết bàn (“(Buddhism) nirvana”).