般涅槃

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (般涅槃)		般	涅	槃
simp. #(般涅槃)		般	涅	槃
alternative forms		般泥洹

Etymology

From Sanskrit परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa, past participle), transcribed in Huilin's Yiqiejing Yinyi (Book XXI) as 般利涅盤那 (Middle Chinese /*pʷɑ(n) li^H net̚ bʷɑn nɑ/), and the declension forms Sanskrit परिनिर्वाणम् n sg (parinirvāṇam) or Pali parinibbānaṃ n sg transcribed in the Liao-era Buddhist glossary 《續一切經音義》 (Addenda to the Yiqiejing Yinyi, Book X) as 波利儞嚩南 (/*puɑ li^H nɨ^X mɑ^X nəm/). The form has also been used to translate related verbs. See 涅槃 (nièpán).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bōnièpán

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bōnièpán
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bonièpán
    • Wade–Giles: po¹-nieh⁴-pʻan²
    • Yale: bwō-nyè-pán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boniehparn
    • Palladius: бонепань (bonepanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ban|pan|paen net ban

Rime
Character	般	般	般	涅	槃
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	泥 (8)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	桓 (62)	刪 (69)	屑 (87)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	II	IV	I
Fanqie	薄官切	北潘切	布還切	奴結切	薄官切
Baxter	ban	pan	paen	net	ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn/	/puɑn/	/pˠan/	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn/	/pʷɑn/	/pᵚan/	/net̚/	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn/	/puɑn/	/pɐn/	/nɛt̚/	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan/	/pwan/	/paɨn/	/nɛt̚/	/bwan/
Li Rong	/buɑn/	/puɑn/	/pan/	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/buɑn/	/puɑn/	/pan/	/niet̚/	/buɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn/	/puɑn/	/pan/	/niet̚/	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pán	bān	bān	niè	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun4	bun1	baan1	nit6	pun4

Noun

般涅槃

1. (Buddhism) parinirvana

Verb

般涅槃

1. (Buddhism) to attain parinirvana; to become fully extinguished

   • 從四禪起，佛般涅槃。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     从四禅起，佛般涅槃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 413. Buddhayaśas (佛陀耶舍) and Zhu Fonian (竺佛念), trans. The Dīrghāgama 《長阿含經·遊行經》.

     Cóng sì chán qǐ, Fó bōnièpán. [Pinyin]

     Arising from the fourth jhāna the Buddha became fully extinguished.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (般涅槃):

• → Japanese: 般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (hatsunehan)
• → Korean: 반열반(般涅槃) (banyeolban)
• → Vietnamese: bát niết bàn (般涅槃)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
般	涅	槃
はつ Grade: S	ね Hyōgai	はん Hyōgai
kan'yōon		kan'on

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 般涅槃 (MC paen net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) or Pali parinibbāna.

First cited in roughly 1120.

Noun

般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) • (hatsunehan) 

1. [from 1120] (Buddhism) parinirvana

Derived terms

• 大(だい)般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん)経(ぎょう) (Dai Hatsunehan-gyō, “Great Nirvana Sutra”)

See also

• 円(えん)寂(じゃく) (enjaku)
• 涅(ね)槃(はん) (nehan, “nirvana”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
般	涅	槃

Noun

般涅槃 • (banyeolban) (hangeul 반열반)

1. hanja form^? of 반열반 (“parinirvana”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
般	涅	槃

Noun

般涅槃

1. chữ Hán form of bát niết bàn (“parinirvana”).