歎

See also: 叹 and 嘆

歎 U+6B4E, 歎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B4E ← 歍 [U+6B4D] CJK Unified Ideographs 歏 → [U+6B4F]

Translingual

Han character

歎 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人弓人 (TONO), four-corner 4758₂, composition ⿰𦰩欠)

Derived characters

• 擹, 𤁤, 𣋸, 𣞔, 𪇽

Related characters

• 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
• 嘆 (Variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 571, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16182
• Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2149, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6B4E

Chinese

trad.		歎/嘆
simp.		叹*
alternative forms		歏 𪇽 𣥁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 歎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tàn (tan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴
    • Yale: tàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taan³
    • Yale: taan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: thanH

Rime
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Baxter	thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/
English	to sigh
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
No.	4896
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	炭
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

歎

1. Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”)
2. one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty
3. a surname.

Hypernyms

• (literary genre): 文體／文体 (wéntǐ)

Coordinate terms

literary genre

• 吟 (yín)
• 咏
• 引 (yǐn)
• 怨 (yuàn)
• 操 (cāo)
• 文 (wén)
• 曲 (qū)
• 歌 (gē)
• 篇 (piān)
• 箴 (zhēn)
• 行 (xíng)
• 詞／词 (cí)
• 誄／诔 (lěi)
• 詩／诗 (shī)
• 調／调 (tiáo)
• 謠／谣 (yáo)
• 謳／讴 (ōu)
• 賦／赋 (fù)
• 贊／赞 (zàn)
• 銘／铭 (míng)
• 章 (zhāng)
• 頌／颂 (sòng)
• 題／题 (tí)

 

Compounds

• 一倡三歎 / 一倡三叹
• 一唱三歎 / 一唱三叹 (yīchàngsāntàn)
• 三歎 / 三叹
• 九歎 / 九叹
• 仰天長歎 / 仰天长叹
• 仰屋竊歎 / 仰屋窃叹
• 北門之歎 / 北门之叹
• 可歎 / 可叹 (kětàn)
• 哀歎 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
• 咳聲歎氣 / 咳声叹气
• 唉聲歎氣 / 唉声叹气 (āishēngtànqì)
• 嗐聲歎氣 / 嗐声叹气
• 廢書而歎 / 废书而叹
• 怨歎 / 怨叹
• 悔毒之歎 / 悔毒之叹
• 悲歎 / 悲叹 (bēitàn)
• 慨歎 / 慨叹 (kǎitàn)
• 拍膝嗟歎 / 拍膝嗟叹
• 擊節歎賞 / 击节叹赏
• 望洋興歎 / 望洋兴叹 (wàngyángxīngtàn)
• 歎傷 / 叹伤
• 歎吁
• 歎喟 / 叹喟
• 歎嗟 / 叹嗟
• 歎息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
• 歎恨 / 叹恨
• 歎惋 / 叹惋 (tànwǎn)
• 歎惜 / 叹惜 (tànxī)
• 歎服 / 叹服 (tànfú)
• 歎氣 / 叹气 (tànqì)
• 歎為觀止 / 叹为观止 (tànwéiguānzhǐ)
• 歎皇陵 / 叹皇陵
• 歎美 / 叹美 (tànměi)
• 歎羨 / 叹羡
• 歎老嗟卑 / 叹老嗟卑
• 歎賞 / 叹赏 (tànshǎng)
• 浩歎 / 浩叹
• 牛山歎 / 牛山叹
• 白頭之歎 / 白头之叹
• 自怨自歎 / 自怨自叹
• 詠歎 / 咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
• 讚歎 / 赞叹 (zàntàn)
• 蹙眉長歎 / 蹙眉长叹
• 金聖歎 / 金圣叹
• 驚歎 / 惊叹 (jīngtàn)

 

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	歎󠄀 歎+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
歎󠄂 歎+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	歎
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

歎

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: なげく (nageku, 歎く)

Compounds

• 悲(ひ)歎(たん) (hitan)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
歎
たん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 歎 – see the following entry.

【嘆たん】S [noun] sigh

(This term, 歎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 嘆

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 歎 (MC thanH).

Hanja

Wikisource

歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))

1. hanja form^? of 탄 (“sigh”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 개탄 (慨歎, gaetan)
• 한탄 (恨歎, hantan)
• 탄성 (歎聲, tanseong)
• 자탄 (自歎, jatan)
• 비탄 (悲歎, bitan)
• 탄식 (歎息, tansik)
• 탄원 (歎願, tanwon)
• 애탄 (哀歎, aetan)
• 감탄 (感歎, gamtan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

歎: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))
歎: Nôm readings: than, thăn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.