封禪

See also: 封禅

Chinese

		to confer; to grant; to seal to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word)	abdicate; meditation; abstraction abdicate; meditation; abstraction; (Zen) Buddhism
trad. (封禪)		封	禪
simp. (封禅)		封	禅

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēngshàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄕㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ sin⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-siān

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēngshàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄕㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fongshàn
    • Wade–Giles: fêng¹-shan⁴
    • Yale: fēng-shàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengshann
    • Palladius: фэншань (fɛnšanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 封禪 / 封禅 風扇 / 风扇

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung¹ sin⁶
    • Yale: fūng sihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ sin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ xin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ siːn²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-siān
    • Tâi-lô: hong-siān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongsien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ siɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: pjowng dzyenH

Rime
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府容切	時戰切
Baxter	pjowng	dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨoŋ/	/d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/pioŋ/	/d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/pioŋ/	/d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puawŋ/	/d͡ʑianH/
Li Rong	/pioŋ/	/ʑiɛnH/
Wang Li	/pĭwoŋ/	/ʑĭɛnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯woŋ/	/ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēng	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung1	sin6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)oŋ  [d]ar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*poŋ  djans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēng	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjowng ›	‹ dzyenH ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)oŋ/	/*[d]ar-s/
English	raise a mound; enfeoff	hand over to another
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3253	2036
Phonetic component	封	單
Rime group	東	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	封	繕
Old Chinese	/*poŋ/	/*djans/
Notes	甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註， 表封土植木爲封疆

Verb

封禪

1. (of an emperor) to perform the Feng and Shan sacrifices; to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth at Mount Tai