啟發

See also: 启发

Chinese

		to open; to start	to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop
trad. (啟發/啓發)		啟/啓	發
simp. (启发)		启	发

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐfā

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄈㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai² faat³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khí-fat
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khé-hoat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ki² huag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐfā
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄈㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐfa
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³-fa¹
    • Yale: chǐ-fā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiifa
    • Palladius: цифа (cifa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kai² faat³
    • Yale: kái faat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai² faat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei² fad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵ faːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khí-fat
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˋ fad^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki³ fad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi³¹ fat̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé-hoat
    • Tâi-lô: khé-huat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qefhoad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ki² huag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí huak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁵²⁻³⁵ huak̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: khejX pjot

Rime
Character	啟	發
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	康禮切	方伐切
Baxter	khejX	pjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeiX/	/pʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeiX/	/pʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛiX/	/piuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛjX/	/puat̚/
Li Rong	/kʰeiX/	/piuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/kʰieiX/	/pĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰieiX/	/pi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	fa
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai2	faat3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤijʔ  Cə.pat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːʔ  pad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啟	發
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	fā
Middle Chinese	‹ khejX ›	‹ pjot ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁijʔ/	/*Cə.pat/
English	open (v.)	fly forth, send forth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啟	發
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10129	164
Phonetic component	啓	癹
Rime group	支	月
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	啓	髮
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːʔ/	/*pad/
Notes	啓通用異體見漢簡

Verb

啟發

1. (transitive) to enlighten; to inspire; to stimulate; to arouse

   受某人的啟發／受某人的启发  ―  shòu mǒurén de qǐfā  ―  to be inspired by someone

   我看過你的文章，我很受啟發。 [MSC, trad.]
   我看过你的文章，我很受启发。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ kàn guò nǐ de wénzhāng, wǒ hěn shòu qǐfā. [Pinyin]

   I have read your article and was very inspired by it.

Synonyms

edit

• 啟導／启导 (qǐdǎo) (literary)
• 啟示／启示 (qǐshì)
• 啟迪／启迪 (qǐdí) (formal)
• 開導／开导 (kāidǎo)
• 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)