凱風

Chinese

		triumphant; victorious	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (凱風)		凱	風
simp. (凯风)		凯	风
alternative forms		颽風／𬱼风

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎifēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² fung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎifēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎifong
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³-fêng¹
    • Yale: kǎi-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaefeng
    • Palladius: кайфэн (kajfɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi² fung¹
    • Yale: hói fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khojX pjuwng

Rime
Character	凱	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	苦亥切	方戎切
Baxter	khojX	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiX/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiX/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiX/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjX/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiX/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiX/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iX/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi2	fung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤəjʔ  prəm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ  plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凱	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ khojX ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/	/*prəm/
English	pleasant	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凱	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	10102	2921
Phonetic component	豈	凡
Rime group	微	侵
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	愷	風
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/	/*plum/
Notes	同愷，豈轉註字

Noun

凱風

1. (poetic) south wind

   • 凱風自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏聖善，我無令人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凯风自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏圣善，我无令人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Kǎifēng zì nán, chuī bǐ jí xīn. Mǔ shì shèng shàn, wǒ wú lìng rén. [Pinyin]

     The genial wind from the south
     Blows on the branches of that jujube tree,
     Our mother is wise and good;
     But among us there is none good.

   • 順凱風以從游兮，至南巢而一息。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     顺凯风以从游兮，至南巢而一息。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Shùn kǎifēng yǐ cóng yóu xī, zhì Náncháo ér yī xī. [Pinyin]

     Travelling on the south wind I follow the divine being, and take our rest together on arriving in the land of Nanchao.

Synonyms

• 南風／南风 (nánfēng)