શકવું

Gujarati

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-

Proto-Indo-European *-néwti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaknáwti

Sanskrit श॒क्नोति॑ (śaknóti)

Prakrit 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (sakkaï)

Apabhramsa सक्कइ (sakkaï)

Old Gujarati सकिवउं (sakivaüṃ)

Gujarati શકવું (śakvũ)

Inherited from Old Gujarati सकिवउं (sakivaüṃ), from Apabhramsa सक्कइ (sakkaï), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (sakkaï), from Sanskrit श॒क्नोति॑ (śaknóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaknáwti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek- + *-néwti. Word-initial ś- is borrowed from Sanskrit. Cognate with Hindustani سَکْنا (saknā) / सकना (saknā), Marathi शकणे (śakṇe), सकणे (sakṇe), Nepali सक्नु (saknu), Punjabi ਸਕਣਾ (sakṇā).

Verb

શકવું • (śakvũ)

1. an auxiliary verb: can
2. (rare) to be able to

Conjugation

   conjugation of શકવું

verbal noun	conjunctive	consecutive	desiderative	potential	passive	contrafactual
શકવાનું (śakvānũ)	શકી (śakī)	શકીને (śakīne)	શકવું હોવું (śakvũ hovũ)1, 2	શકી શકવું (śakī śakvũ)2	શકાય (śakāya)	શકત (śakat)
1 Note: શકવું here does not get conjugated. 2 Note: હોવું (hovũ) and શકવું (śakvũ) are to be conjugated normally.

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	simple present / conditional	future	present progressive	negative future	negative conditional
હું	શકું (śakũ)	શકીશ (śakīś)	શકું છું (śakũ chũ)	નહીં શકું (nahī̃ śakũ)	ન શકું (na śakũ)
અમે, આપણે	શકીએ (śakīe)	શકીશું (śakīśũ)	શકીએ છીએ (śakīe chīe)	નહીં શકીએ (nahī̃ śakīe)	ન શકીએ (na śakīe)
તું	શકે (śake)	શકશે (śakśe), શકીશ (śakīś)	શકે છે (śake che)	નહીં શકે (nahī̃ śake)	ન શકે (na śake)
આ, આઓ, તે, તેઓ	શકે (śake)	શકશે (śakśe)	શકે છે (śake che)	નહીં શકે (nahī̃ śake)	ન શકે (na śake)
તમે	શકો (śako)	શકશો (śakśo)	શકો છો (śako cho)	નહીં શકો (nahī̃ śako)	ન શકો (na śako)

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negative present progressive	past	negative past	past progressive	future progressive, presumptive	present subjunctive	contrafactual
નથી શકતું (nathī śaktũ)*	શક્યું (śakyũ)*	નહોતું શક્યું (nahotũ śakyũ)*	શકતું હતું (śaktũ hatũ)*	શકતું હોવું (śaktũ hovũ)1	શકતું હોવું (śaktũ hovũ)2	શકતું હોત (śaktũ hot)*
* Note: These terms are declined exactly like adjectives to agree with the gender and number of the subject. 1 Note: હોવું (hovũ) is to be conjugated in the future tense here. 2 Note: હોવું (hovũ) is to be conjugated in the present tense here.

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Imperative forms
	Present	Polite	Negative
અમે, આપણે	શકીએ (śakīe)		ન શકીએ (na śakīe)
તું	શક (śak)	શકજે (śakje)	ન શક (na śak)
તમે	શકો (śako)	શકજો (śakjo)	ન શકો (na śako)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śakvũ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 710

Further reading

• “શકવું”, in Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009.