स्थूल
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थूल (sthūla).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]स्थूल • (sthūl) (indeclinable)
- bulky, large, fat
- Synonym: मोटा (moṭā)
- thick, dense
- (philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible
- Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)
- स्थूल सत्य ― sthūl satya ― tangible truth
- gross, rough, approximate
- स्थूल आय ― sthūl āy ― gross income
- स्थूल रूप से ― sthūl rūp se ― roughly, approximately
References
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “स्थूल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1046
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “स्थूल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 682.
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- স্থূল (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬣᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
- স্থূল (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰞𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- သ္ထူလ (Burmese script)
- સ્થૂલ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਥੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌥𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦡꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂟𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ಥೂಲ (Kannada script)
- ស្ថូល (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ຖູລ (Lao script)
- സ്ഥൂല (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡨᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑦾𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ଥୂଲ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢢꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆡𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖞𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ස්ථූල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩬𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚚𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
- ஸ்தூ²ல (Tamil script)
- స్థూల (Telugu script)
- สฺถูล (Thai script)
- སྠཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒟𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨚𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Variant of स्थूर (sthūrá); see there for more. The Sanskrit root is स्था (sthā, “to stand, to be firm”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]स्थूल • (sthūlá) stem
- large, stout, bulky, fat
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 3.68.32:
- रामो ऽथ सहसौमित्रिर् वनं गत्वा स वीर्यवान् ।
स्थूलान् हत्वा महारोहीन् अनु तस्तार तं द्विजम् ॥- rāmo ʼtha sahasaumitrir vanaṃ gatvā sa vīryavān.
sthūlān hatvā mahārohīn anu tastāra taṃ dvijam. - Thus Rama, the powerful one, after going into forest along with Laksmana, hunted a fat big deer, and then he spread the bird (Jatayu) [to make an offering to him].
- rāmo ʼtha sahasaumitrir vanaṃ gatvā sa vīryavān.
- रामो ऽथ सहसौमित्रिर् वनं गत्वा स वीर्यवान् ।
- dense, thick
- Synonym: गाढ (gāḍha)
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.8.28:
- आस्तेयीश्च वास्तेयीश्च त्वरणाः कृपणाश्च याः ।
गुह्याः शुक्रा स्थूला अपस्ता बीभत्सावसादयन् ॥- āsteyīśca vāsteyīśca tvaraṇāḥ kṛpaṇāśca yāḥ.
guhyāḥ śukrā sthūlā apastā bībhatsāvasādayan. - They laid in the abhorrent frame those waters hidden, bright, and thick,
Which in the bowels spring from blood, from mourning or from hasty toil.
- āsteyīśca vāsteyīśca tvaraṇāḥ kṛpaṇāśca yāḥ.
- आस्तेयीश्च वास्तेयीश्च त्वरणाः कृपणाश्च याः ।
- dull, stupid, ignorant
- gross, rough, approximate
- यथास्थूलम् ― yathāsthūlam ― roughly
- (philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible
- Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of स्थूल (sthūlá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्थूलः sthūláḥ |
स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthūlaú / sthūlā́¹ |
स्थूलाः / स्थूलासः¹ sthūlā́ḥ / sthūlā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | स्थूल sthū́la |
स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthū́lau / sthū́lā¹ |
स्थूलाः / स्थूलासः¹ sthū́lāḥ / sthū́lāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | स्थूलम् sthūlám |
स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthūlaú / sthūlā́¹ |
स्थूलान् sthūlā́n |
Instrumental | स्थूलेन sthūléna |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलैः / स्थूलेभिः¹ sthūlaíḥ / sthūlébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | स्थूलाय sthūlā́ya |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्थूलात् sthūlā́t |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्थूलस्य sthūlásya |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām |
Locative | स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलेषु sthūléṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of स्थूला (sthūlā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्थूला sthūlā́ |
स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलाः sthūlā́ḥ |
Vocative | स्थूले sthū́le |
स्थूले sthū́le |
स्थूलाः sthū́lāḥ |
Accusative | स्थूलाम् sthūlā́m |
स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलाः sthūlā́ḥ |
Instrumental | स्थूलया / स्थूला¹ sthūláyā / sthūlā́¹ |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलाभिः sthūlā́bhiḥ |
Dative | स्थूलायै sthūlā́yai |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलाभ्यः sthūlā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्थूलायाः / स्थूलायै² sthūlā́yāḥ / sthūlā́yai² |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलाभ्यः sthūlā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्थूलायाः / स्थूलायै² sthūlā́yāḥ / sthūlā́yai² |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām |
Locative | स्थूलायाम् sthūlā́yām |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलासु sthūlā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of स्थूल (sthūlá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्थूलम् sthūlám |
स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthūlā́ni / sthūlā́¹ |
Vocative | स्थूल sthū́la |
स्थूले sthū́le |
स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthū́lāni / sthū́lā¹ |
Accusative | स्थूलम् sthūlám |
स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthūlā́ni / sthūlā́¹ |
Instrumental | स्थूलेन sthūléna |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलैः / स्थूलेभिः¹ sthūlaíḥ / sthūlébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | स्थूलाय sthūlā́ya |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्थूलात् sthūlā́t |
स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām |
स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्थूलस्य sthūlásya |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām |
Locative | स्थूले sthūlé |
स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ |
स्थूलेषु sthūléṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Khowar: تھُول (thūl, “fat”)
- Pali: thūla, thulla
- Prakrit: 𑀣𑀽𑀮 (thūla), 𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (thulla)
- Sindhi: ٿُلهو (thulho, “fat, thick”)
- → Punjabi: ਸਥੂਲ (sathūl) (learned)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “स्थूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1266.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sthūla”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्थूल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1724
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्थूल”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 366
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthūlá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 795
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- hi:Philosophy
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi terms with collocations
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्था
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit terms with usage examples
- sa:Philosophy
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives