स्थूल

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थूल (sthūla).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /st̪ʰuːl/

Adjective

स्थूल • (sthūl) (indeclinable)

1. bulky, large, fat

   Synonym: मोटा (moṭā)

2. thick, dense

   Synonyms: घना (ghanā), गाढ़ा (gāṛhā)

3. (philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible

   Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)

   स्थूल सत्य ― sthūl satya ― tangible truth

4. gross, rough, approximate

   स्थूल आय ― sthūl āy ― gross income

   स्थूल रूप से ― sthūl rūp se ― roughly, approximately

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “स्थूल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1046
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “स्थूल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 682.

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 25 September 2024

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্থূল (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬣᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
• স্থূল (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰞𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ထူလ (Burmese script)
• સ્થૂલ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਥੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌥𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦡꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂟𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಥೂಲ (Kannada script)
• ស្ថូល (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ຖູລ (Lao script)
• സ്ഥൂല (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡨᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑦾𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଥୂଲ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢢꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆡𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖞𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්ථූල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩬𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚚𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
• ஸ்தூ²ல (Tamil script)
• స్థూల (Telugu script)
• สฺถูล (Thai script)
• སྠཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒟𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨚𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Variant of स्थूर (sthūrá); see there for more. The Sanskrit root is स्था (sthā, “to stand, to be firm”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /stʰuː.lɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪t̪ʰuː.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

स्थूल • (sthūlá) stem

1. large, stout, bulky, fat
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 3.68.32:

     रामो ऽथ सहसौमित्रिर् वनं गत्वा स वीर्यवान् ।
     स्थूलान् हत्वा महारोहीन् अनु तस्तार तं द्विजम् ॥

     rāmo ʼtha sahasaumitrir vanaṃ gatvā sa vīryavān.
     sthūlān hatvā mahārohīn anu tastāra taṃ dvijam.

     Thus Rama, the powerful one, after going into forest along with Laksmana, hunted a fat big deer, and then he spread the bird (Jatayu) [to make an offering to him].

2. dense, thick

   Synonym: गाढ (gāḍha)

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.8.28:

     आस्तेयीश्च वास्तेयीश्च त्वरणाः कृपणाश्च याः ।
     गुह्याः शुक्रा स्थूला अपस्ता बीभत्सावसादयन् ॥

     āsteyīśca vāsteyīśca tvaraṇāḥ kṛpaṇāśca yāḥ.
     guhyāḥ śukrā sthūlā apastā bībhatsāvasādayan.

     They laid in the abhorrent frame those waters hidden, bright, and thick,
     Which in the bowels spring from blood, from mourning or from hasty toil.

3. dull, stupid, ignorant
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
4. gross, rough, approximate

   यथास्थूलम् ― yathāsthūlam ― roughly

5. (philosophy) tangible, outwardly-visible

   Antonym: सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्थूल (sthūlá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्थूलः sthūláḥ	स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthūlaú / sthūlā́¹	स्थूलाः / स्थूलासः¹ sthūlā́ḥ / sthūlā́saḥ¹
Vocative	स्थूल sthū́la	स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthū́lau / sthū́lā¹	स्थूलाः / स्थूलासः¹ sthū́lāḥ / sthū́lāsaḥ¹
Accusative	स्थूलम् sthūlám	स्थूलौ / स्थूला¹ sthūlaú / sthūlā́¹	स्थूलान् sthūlā́n
Instrumental	स्थूलेन sthūléna	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलैः / स्थूलेभिः¹ sthūlaíḥ / sthūlébhiḥ¹
Dative	स्थूलाय sthūlā́ya	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ
Ablative	स्थूलात् sthūlā́t	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ
Genitive	स्थूलस्य sthūlásya	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām
Locative	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलेषु sthūléṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of स्थूला (sthūlā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्थूला sthūlā́	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलाः sthūlā́ḥ
Vocative	स्थूले sthū́le	स्थूले sthū́le	स्थूलाः sthū́lāḥ
Accusative	स्थूलाम् sthūlā́m	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलाः sthūlā́ḥ
Instrumental	स्थूलया / स्थूला¹ sthūláyā / sthūlā́¹	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलाभिः sthūlā́bhiḥ
Dative	स्थूलायै sthūlā́yai	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलाभ्यः sthūlā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	स्थूलायाः / स्थूलायै² sthūlā́yāḥ / sthūlā́yai²	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलाभ्यः sthūlā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	स्थूलायाः / स्थूलायै² sthūlā́yāḥ / sthūlā́yai²	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām
Locative	स्थूलायाम् sthūlā́yām	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलासु sthūlā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of स्थूल (sthūlá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्थूलम् sthūlám	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthūlā́ni / sthūlā́¹
Vocative	स्थूल sthū́la	स्थूले sthū́le	स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthū́lāni / sthū́lā¹
Accusative	स्थूलम् sthūlám	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलानि / स्थूला¹ sthūlā́ni / sthūlā́¹
Instrumental	स्थूलेन sthūléna	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलैः / स्थूलेभिः¹ sthūlaíḥ / sthūlébhiḥ¹
Dative	स्थूलाय sthūlā́ya	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ
Ablative	स्थूलात् sthūlā́t	स्थूलाभ्याम् sthūlā́bhyām	स्थूलेभ्यः sthūlébhyaḥ
Genitive	स्थूलस्य sthūlásya	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलानाम् sthūlā́nām
Locative	स्थूले sthūlé	स्थूलयोः sthūláyoḥ	स्थूलेषु sthūléṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Khowar: تھُول (thūl, “fat”)
• Pali: thūla, thulla
• Prakrit: 𑀣𑀽𑀮 (thūla), 𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (thulla)
  • Sindhi: ٿُلهو (thulho, “fat, thick”)
• → Punjabi: ਸਥੂਲ (sathūl) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्थूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1266.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sthūla”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्थूल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1724
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्थूल”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 366
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthūlá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 795