دشمن
Azerbaijani
[edit]Noun
[edit]دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
Declension
[edit]Baluchi
[edit]Noun
[edit]دشمن • (dušman)
See also
[edit]- دژمن (dužman)
Khalaj
[edit]Noun
[edit]دُشمَن (duşman) (definite accusative دُشمَنؽ, plural دُشمَنلار)
Declension
[edit]Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- տիւշմէն (düşmen), տիւշման (düşman) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن (dužman), دشمن (dušman), Bashkir дошман (doşman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmon), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (dūşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن (dux̌mán), دښمن (dox̌mán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن, Southern Altai тушман (tušman), Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dışmen).
Noun
[edit]دشمن • (düşmen, düşman)
- enemy, foe
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk[1], page 500:
- دشمنلر و خلیفهلر برابر اولهبیلیرلر و هر شی یاپمغه تشبث ایدهبیلیرلر. فقط ، یكی توركیهنك طرز ادارهسنی ، سیاستنی ، قوتی قطعیاً صارصهمزلر.
- Düşmanlar ve halifeler beraber olabilirler ve her şey yapmaya teşebbüs edebilirler. Fakat, yeñi Türkiye'nin tarz idaresini, siyasetini, kuvveti katiyen sarsamazlar.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Descendants
[edit]Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah. Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dusmenḗs).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [duʃ.ˈman]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪oʃ.mǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uʃ.mǽn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dušman |
Dari reading? | dušman |
Iranian reading? | došman |
Tajik reading? | dušman |
Noun
[edit]Dari | دشمن |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | душман |
دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
Inflection
[edit]Enclitic-attached forms of دشمن (došman) (Iranian Persian) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Derived terms
[edit]- دشمنی (došmani)
Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
- → Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)
- → Avar: тушман (tušman)
- → Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән
- → Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)
- → Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- → Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)
- → Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- → Erzya: душман (dušman)
- → Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Karaim: душман (duşman)
- → Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)
- → Khalaj: duşman
- → Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- → Moksha: душман (dušman)
- → Old Tati:
- Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
- → Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- → Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- → Romani: duśman
- → Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- → Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- → Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)
- → Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)
- → Tatar: дошман (doşman)
- → Turkmen: душман, duşman
- → Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- → Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)
- → Urum: душман (duşman)
- → Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)
- → Uzbek: dushman
References
[edit]- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman). Compare Urdu دُشْمَن (duśman).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /d̪ʊʃᵊ.məɳᵊ/
- Rhymes: -əɳᵊ
Noun
[edit]دُشْمَݨ • (duśmaṇ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ)
References
[edit]- “دشمن”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman). Compare Punjabi دُشْمَݨ (duśmaṇ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)
Declension
[edit]Declension of دشمن | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَن (duśman) |
oblique | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَنوں (duśmanō̃) |
vocative | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَنو (duśmanō) |
Related terms
[edit]- دُشْمَنِی (duśmanī)
Further reading
[edit]- “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “دشمن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Azerbaijani terms in Arabic script
- Baluchi lemmas
- Baluchi nouns
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms with quotations
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Punjabi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Punjabi/əɳᵊ
- Rhymes:Punjabi/əɳᵊ/2 syllables
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi masculine nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Urdu/ən
- Rhymes:Urdu/ən/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu masculine consonant-stem nouns