собака
Old East Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sobàka.
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: со‧ба‧ка
Noun
[edit]собака (sobaka) m
Declension
[edit]Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | собака sobaka |
собацѣ sobacě |
собакꙑ sobaky |
Genitive | собакꙑ sobaky |
собаку sobaku |
собакъ sobakŭ |
Dative | собацѣ sobacě |
собакама sobakama |
собакамъ sobakamŭ |
Accusative | собакѫ sobakǫ |
собацѣ sobacě |
собакꙑ sobaky |
Instrumental | собакоѭ sobakojǫ |
собакама sobakama |
собаками sobakami |
Locative | собацѣ sobacě |
собаку sobaku |
собакахъ sobakaxŭ |
Vocative | собако sobako |
собацѣ sobacě |
собакꙑ sobaky |
Descendants
[edit]- Old Ruthenian: соба́ка (sobáka), саба́ка (sabáka) — Middle Belarusian
- Russian: соба́ка (sobáka)
References
[edit]- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “собака”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 455
Old Ruthenian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- саба́ка (sabáka) — Middle Belarusian
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic соба́ка (sobáka), further borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Russian соба́ка (sobáka), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka) and Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka).
Noun
[edit]собака • (sobaka) m animal or f animal (related adjective собачїй, diminutive собачка)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- соба́чникъ (sobáčnik)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “собака”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 365
- The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):
url=sobaka
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “собака, сабака”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 20
Russenorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Russian зубатка (zubatka). Unrelated to Russian собака (sobaka, “dog”).
Noun
[edit]собака (sobaka)
- Alternative form of subadtka
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag, page 124
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ; compare Zoroastrian Dari [script needed] (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) [the source of Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”)], Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, “dog-like”). Cognates include Ukrainian соба́ка (sobáka), Belarusian саба́ка (sabáka), Polish sobaka (dialectal), Kashubian sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]соба́ка • (sobáka) f anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, masculine соба́кен, relational adjective соба́чий, diminutive соба́чка, augmentative собача́ра or соба́чище)
- dog
- Synonym: пёс (pjos)
- сторожева́я соба́ка ― storoževája sobáka ― watchdog
- дворо́вая соба́ка ― dvoróvaja sobáka ― cur, mongrel, mutt
- Вот где соба́ка зарыта! ― Vot gde sobáka zaryta! ― Now I see it!
- Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́ет ― Jevó káždaja sobáka znájet ― Everyone knows him. (literally, “Every dog knows him”)
- голо́дный как соба́ка ― golódnyj kak sobáka ― as hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious
- замёрзнуть как соба́ка ― zamjórznutʹ kak sobáka ― to be chilled to the marrow
- злой как соба́ка ― zloj kak sobáka ― mad as hell (literally, “vicious as a dog”)
- ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́ ― núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogá ― needed like a hole in the head (literally, “needed like a dog needs a fifth leg”)
- соба́ка на се́не ― sobáka na séne ― dog in the manger
- соба́ку съесть ― sobáku sʺjestʹ ― to know something inside out
- уста́ть как соба́ка ― ustátʹ kak sobáka ― to be dog-tired
- 1835, Николай Гоголь, “Ноября 12.”, in Записки сумасшедшего; English translation from Claud Field, transl., Memoirs of a Madman, 1916:
- Собаки народ умный, они знают все политические отношения, и потому, верно, там будет всё: портрет и все дела этого мужа.
- Sobaki narod umnyj, oni znajut vse političeskije otnošenija, i potomu, verno, tam budet vsjo: portret i vse dela etovo muža.
- Dogs are clever fellows; they know all about politics, and I will certainly find in the letters all I want, especially the character of the director and all his relationships.
- hound
- соба́ка-ище́йка ― sobáka-iščéjka ― bloodhound
- (derogatory, figuratively) mongrel, cur, bastard (a detestable person)
- (colloquial, figuratively) fox (a clever, capable person)
- (Internet) @ (at sign)
- (computing slang) watchdog timer
Declension
[edit]Hypernyms
[edit]- дома́шнее живо́тное n anim (domášneje živótnoje), зверь m anim (zverʹ)
Hyponyms
[edit]Holonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- насоба́читься pf (nasobáčitʹsja), насоба́чиваться impf (nasobáčivatʹsja)
- присоба́чить pf (prisobáčitʹ), присоба́чивать impf (prisobáčivatʹ)
- соба́читься impf (sobáčitʹsja)
- боя́ка-соба́ка m anim or f anim (bojáka-sobáka)
- по-соба́чьи (po-sobáčʹi)
- собаково́д m anim (sobakovód)
- собаково́дство n (sobakovódstvo)
- собакозаво́дчик m anim (sobakozavódčik)
- собача́р m anim (sobačár)
- собаче́нция f anim (sobačéncija)
- соба́чник m anim (sobáčnik)
- свинособа́ка (svinosobáka)
- Phrases
- ве́шать всех соба́к impf (véšatʹ vsex sobák), наве́шать всех соба́к pf (navéšatʹ vsex sobák), пове́сить всех соба́к pf (povésitʹ vsex sobák)
- енотови́дная соба́ка f anim (jenotovídnaja sobáka)
- ка́ждая соба́ка зна́ет (káždaja sobáka znájet)
- как ко́шка с соба́кой (kak kóška s sobákoj)
- как соба́к нере́заных (kak sobák nerézanyx)
- как соба́ке пя́тая нога́ (kak sobáke pjátaja nogá)
- соба́ку съесть pf (sobáku sʺjestʹ)
- спусти́ть всех соба́к pf (spustítʹ vsex sobák)
- Proverbs
- бе́шеной соба́ке семь вёрст не крюк (béšenoj sobáke semʹ vjorst ne krjuk)
- как на охо́ту е́хать, так соба́к корми́ть (kak na oxótu jéxatʹ, tak sobák kormítʹ)
- свои́ соба́ки грызу́тся, чужа́я не лезь (svoí sobáki gryzútsja, čužája ne lezʹ)
- соба́ка ла́ет, а кара́ван идёт (sobáka lájet, a karávan idjót)
- соба́ка ла́ет — ве́тер но́сит (sobáka lájet — véter nósit)
Collocations
[edit]- бродя́чая соба́ка (brodjáčaja sobáka)
- дома́шняя соба́ка (domášnjaja sobáka)
- ездова́я соба́ка (jezdovája sobáka)
- охо́тничья соба́ка (oxótničʹja sobáka)
- пасту́шья соба́ка (pastúšʹja sobáka)
- поро́дистая соба́ка (poródistaja sobáka)
- служе́бная соба́ка (služébnaja sobáka)
- соба́ка-компаньо́н (sobáka-kompanʹón)
- соба́ка-поводы́рь (sobáka-povodýrʹ)
- сторожева́я соба́ка (storoževája sobáka)
- у́личная соба́ка (úličnaja sobáka)
- хозя́ин соба́ки (xozjáin sobáki)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “собака”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “собака”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 183
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “собака”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
- Krylov, G. A. (2004) “собака”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Ruthenian соба́ка (sobáka), from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]соба́ка • (sobáka) m animal or f animal (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, diminutive соба́чка)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | соба́ка sobáka |
соба́ки sobáky |
genitive | соба́ки sobáky |
соба́к sobák |
dative | соба́ці sobáci |
соба́кам sobákam |
accusative | соба́ку sobáku |
соба́ки, соба́к sobáky, sobák |
instrumental | соба́кою sobákoju |
соба́ками sobákamy |
locative | соба́ці sobáci |
соба́ках sobákax |
vocative | соба́ко sobáko |
соба́ки sobáky |
Derived terms
[edit]- свинособа́ка f (svynosobáka)
- собаківни́к m (sobakivnýk)
- собаківни́цтво n (sobakivnýctvo)
- соба́цька f (sobácʹka)
Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]соба́ка • (sobáka) m pers or f pers (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “собака”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “собака”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old East Slavic lemmas
- Old East Slavic nouns
- Old East Slavic masculine nouns
- Old East Slavic hard a-stem nouns
- Old Ruthenian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Medo-Parthian
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Ruthenian lemmas
- Old Ruthenian nouns
- Old Ruthenian masculine nouns
- Old Ruthenian animal nouns
- Old Ruthenian feminine nouns
- Old Ruthenian nouns with multiple genders
- Old Ruthenian hard a-stem nouns
- zle-ort:Canids
- zle-ort:Dogs
- Russenorsk terms inherited from Russian
- Russenorsk terms derived from Russian
- Russenorsk lemmas
- Russenorsk nouns
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian 3-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- Russian animate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian terms with quotations
- Russian derogatory terms
- Russian colloquialisms
- ru:Internet
- ru:Computing
- Russian slang
- Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- ru:Dogs
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian animal nouns
- Ukrainian feminine nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with multiple genders
- Ukrainian hard feminine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- Ukrainian personal nouns
- Ukrainian derogatory terms
- uk:Canids
- uk:People