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собака

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Old East Slavic

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sobàka.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ//sɔˈbaka//sɔˈbaka/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbaka/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /sɔˈbaka/

  • Hyphenation: со‧ба‧ка

Noun

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собака (sobakam

  1. dog

Declension

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Descendants

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References

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  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “собака”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 455

Old Ruthenian

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соба́ка

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic соба́ка (sobáka), further borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Russian соба́ка (sobáka), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka) and Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka).

Noun

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собака (sobakam animal or f animal (related adjective собачїй, diminutive собачка)

  1. dog
    Synonym: песъ (pes)

Declension

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “собака”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 365
  • The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):
    url=sobaka
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “собака, сабака”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 20

Russenorsk

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Etymology

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Inherited from Russian зубатка (zubatka). Unrelated to Russian собака (sobaka, dog).

Noun

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собака (sobaka)

  1. Alternative form of subadtka

Synonyms

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References

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  • Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag, page 124

Russian

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Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru
Соба́ка

Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ; compare Zoroastrian Dari [script needed] (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) [the source of Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, dog)], Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, dog-like). Cognates include Ukrainian соба́ка (sobáka), Belarusian саба́ка (sabáka), Polish sobaka (dialectal), Kashubian sobaka (bitch (female dog); dissolute man), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [sɐˈbakə]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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соба́ка (sobákaf anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, masculine соба́кен, relational adjective соба́чий, diminutive соба́чка, augmentative собача́ра or соба́чище)

  1. dog
    Synonym: пёс (pjos)
    сторожева́я соба́каstoroževája sobákawatchdog
    дворо́вая соба́каdvoróvaja sobákacur, mongrel, mutt
    Вот где соба́ка зарыта!Vot gde sobáka zaryta!Now I see it!
    Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́етJevó káždaja sobáka znájetEveryone knows him. (literally, “Every dog knows him”)
    голо́дный как соба́каgolódnyj kak sobákaas hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious
    замёрзнуть как соба́каzamjórznutʹ kak sobákato be chilled to the marrow
    злой как соба́каzloj kak sobákamad as hell (literally, “vicious as a dog”)
    ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogáneeded like a hole in the head (literally, “needed like a dog needs a fifth leg”)
    соба́ка на се́неsobáka na sénedog in the manger
    соба́ку съестьsobáku sʺjestʹto know something inside out
    уста́ть как соба́каustátʹ kak sobákato be dog-tired
    • 1835, Николай Гоголь, “Ноября 12.”, in Записки сумасшедшего; English translation from Claud Field, transl., Memoirs of a Madman, 1916:
      Собаки народ умный, они знают все политические отношения, и потому, верно, там будет всё: портрет и все дела этого мужа.
      Sobaki narod umnyj, oni znajut vse političeskije otnošenija, i potomu, verno, tam budet vsjo: portret i vse dela etovo muža.
      Dogs are clever fellows; they know all about politics, and I will certainly find in the letters all I want, especially the character of the director and all his relationships.
  2. hound
    соба́ка-ище́йкаsobáka-iščéjkabloodhound
  3. (derogatory, figuratively) mongrel, cur, bastard (a detestable person)
  4. (colloquial, figuratively) fox (a clever, capable person)
  5. (Internet) @ (at sign)
  6. (computing slang) watchdog timer

Declension

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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Holonyms

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Derived terms

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verbs
Phrases
Proverbs

Collocations

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Descendants

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See also

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References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “собака”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “собака”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 183
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “собака”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Krylov, G. A. (2004) “собака”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN


Ukrainian

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Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk
собака

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Ruthenian соба́ка (sobáka), from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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соба́ка (sobákam animal or f animal (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, diminutive соба́чка)

  1. dog (animal)
    Synonyms: (poetic) пес (pes), су́ка (súka, female dog)

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Noun

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соба́ка (sobákam pers or f pers (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

  1. (figuratively, derogatory) scoundrel, detestable person

Declension

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References

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