Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwā́

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun

*cwā́

dog
Synonym: *kútah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (śve)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: سپی m (spay), سپۍ f (spëy)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: sipe
  - Central Kurdish: سپە (spe)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *spā́kəh
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: اسپه (əspə), سک (sək)
    - Mazanderani: سک (sak)
  - Old Median: σπάκα (spáka) (see there for further descendants)
  - Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫃 (ʿspg /⁠ispag⁠/)
    - → Persian: اسبه (esba)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: سپە (sipa)
    - Zazaki: espe (aspa)
  - → Proto-Slavic: *sobàka (“dog”) (< *sabā́ka-)(see there for further descendants)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *sakah
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠sak, sag⁠/)
    - → Northern Kurdish: se
    Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫃 (sg)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KLBA)
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (sky)
    - Persian: سگ (sag)
      - → Northern Kurdish: seg
      - → Central Kurdish: سەگ (seg)
    - Northern Luri: سٱی (say)
    - Tat: səy (say)