νωθρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From νωθής (nōthḗs, “sluggish, slothful”) +‎ -ρός (-rós, adjective suffix). The origin of νωθής (nōthḗs, “slow, indolent, stubborn”) is disputed. Proto-Indo-European *n̥- has been proposed to explain the initial, combined with the roots of ὄθομαι (óthomai, “to show consideration for others, fight shy of”), only used in connection with a negative particle, or ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push, thrust, drive, throw back”) respectively. A genetical relation with Sanskrit आध्र (ādhrá, “poor, destitute, indigent, weak”), presupposing a *nh₃dh-ro-, is perhaps less improbable than generally thought. Compare also արհամարհ (arhamarh, “contemptible, low, poor, sorry”), an Iranian loan.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /nɔː.tʰrós/ → /noˈθros/ → /noˈθros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /nɔː.tʰrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /noˈtʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /noˈθros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /noˈθros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /noˈθros/

Adjective

νωθρός • (nōthrós) m (feminine νωθρᾱ́, neuter νωθρόν); first/second declension

1. sluggish, slothful

   Synonyms: νωθής (nōthḗs), νωχελής (nōkhelḗs)

2. making sluggish

Inflection

First and second declension of νωθρός; νωθρᾱ́; νωθρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		νωθρός nōthrós	νωθρᾱ́ nōthrā́	νωθρόν nōthrón		νωθρώ nōthrṓ	νωθρᾱ́ nōthrā́	νωθρώ nōthrṓ		νωθροί nōthroí	νωθραί nōthraí	νωθρᾰ́ nōthrá
Genitive		νωθροῦ nōthroû	νωθρᾶς nōthrâs	νωθροῦ nōthroû		νωθροῖν nōthroîn	νωθραῖν nōthraîn	νωθροῖν nōthroîn		νωθρῶν nōthrôn	νωθρῶν nōthrôn	νωθρῶν nōthrôn
Dative		νωθρῷ nōthrôi	νωθρᾷ nōthrâi	νωθρῷ nōthrôi		νωθροῖν nōthroîn	νωθραῖν nōthraîn	νωθροῖν nōthroîn		νωθροῖς nōthroîs	νωθραῖς nōthraîs	νωθροῖς nōthroîs
Accusative		νωθρόν nōthrón	νωθρᾱ́ν nōthrā́n	νωθρόν nōthrón		νωθρώ nōthrṓ	νωθρᾱ́ nōthrā́	νωθρώ nōthrṓ		νωθρούς nōthroús	νωθρᾱ́ς nōthrā́s	νωθρᾰ́ nōthrá
Vocative		νωθρέ nōthré	νωθρᾱ́ nōthrā́	νωθρόν nōthrón		νωθρώ nōthrṓ	νωθρᾱ́ nōthrā́	νωθρώ nōthrṓ		νωθροί nōthroí	νωθραί nōthraí	νωθρᾰ́ nōthrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		νωθρῶς nōthrôs				νωθρότερος nōthróteros				νωθρότᾰτος nōthrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• νωθρᾰ́ς (nōthrás)
• νωθρείᾱ (nōthreíā)
• νωθρεπῐθέτης (nōthrepithétēs)
• νωθρεύω (nōthreúō)
• νωθρῐᾰ́ω (nōthriáō)
• νωθροκᾰ́ρδῐος (nōthrokárdios)
• νωθροποιός (nōthropoiós)
• νωθρότης (nōthrótēs)
• νωθρώδης (nōthrṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• Greek: νωθρός (nothrós)

Further reading

• “νωθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “νωθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• νωθρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νωθρός (nōthrós), from νωθής (nōthḗs, “sluggish, lazy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noˈθɾos/
• Hyphenation: νω‧θρός

Adjective

νωθρός • (nothrós) m (feminine νωθρή, neuter νωθρό)

1. sluggish, languid, lazy (having little motion, disinclined to move)
   • 1979, “Θεσσαλονίκη [Thessaloniki]”, in Nikos Kavvadias (lyrics), Thanos Mikroutsikos (music), Ο Σταυρός του Νότου [Southern Cross], performed by Giannis Koutras:

     Απάνω στο γιατάκι σου φίδι νωθρό κοιμάται,
     Και φέρνει βόλτες ψάχνοντας τα ρούχα σου η μαϊμού.

     Apáno sto giatáki sou fídi nothró koimátai,
     Kai férnei vóltes psáchnontas ta roúcha sou i maïmoú.

     On your bunk bed, a sluggish snake is sleeping,
     And the monkey goes about, searching through your clothes.

2. (of a mind) dull, slow

Declension

Declension of νωθρός

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	νωθρός (nothrós)	νωθρή (nothrí)	νωθρό (nothró)		νωθροί (nothroí)	νωθρές (nothrés)	νωθρά (nothrá)
genitive	νωθρού (nothroú)	νωθρής (nothrís)	νωθρού (nothroú)		νωθρών (nothrón)	νωθρών (nothrón)	νωθρών (nothrón)
accusative	νωθρό (nothró)	νωθρή (nothrí)	νωθρό (nothró)		νωθρούς (nothroús)	νωθρές (nothrés)	νωθρά (nothrá)
vocative	νωθρέ (nothré)	νωθρή (nothrí)	νωθρό (nothró)		νωθροί (nothroí)	νωθρές (nothrés)	νωθρά (nothrá)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο νωθρός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο νωθρός, etc.)

Synonyms

• (sluggish, languid): οκνός (oknós), ακαμάτης (akamátis), χαλαρός (chalarós)
• (dull, slow): αργός (argós)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “sluggish, languid”): εργατικός (ergatikós), φιλόπονος (filóponos), προκομμένος (prokomménos)

Derived terms

• νωθρότητα f (nothrótita, “sluggishness, laziness”)
• νωθρά (nothrá, “sluggishly, lazily”) (adverb)