nj

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See also: Nj, NJ, nJ, .nj, and N.J.
nj U+01CC, nj
LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ
← Nj
[U+01CB] 		Latin Extended-B Ǎ →
[U+01CD]
Nj in upper- and lowercase

Albanian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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nj (upper case Nj)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Avokaya

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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nj (uppercase Nj)

  1. A letter of the Avokaya alphabet.

Egyptian

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Etymology 1

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n (“to, for”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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n
y
  1. of, belonging to
  2. made of (a material or composition)
  3. of, possessing (a quality)
  4. introduces the agent of an infinitive when it is a personal pronoun
Usage notes
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This genitival adjective can be used to express the indirect genitive. In this case, it indicates that the noun preceding it, with which it agrees in gender and number, is possessed by the noun which follows it.

In Late Egyptian the functional contrasts of characterization versus specification that distinguished the indirect and direct genitive disappeared, and outside a restricted set of particular words the indirect genitive with nj largely supplanted the direct genitive without it.

Inflection
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Declension of nj (nisba adjective)
masculine feminine
singular
n
y
,
n

nj, n
n
t

nt
dual
nw&y

njwj, nwj
n
t y

ntj
plural
nw
,
nw
Z1

njw, nw
n
t

nwt1, nt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

In Late Egyptian nj is usually not inflected by gender and number but invariably appears as n. Sometimes the writings of the former feminine and plural forms are used interchangeably with the masculine singular without distinction. The exception is in more formal texts, where the old distinctions and inflections are sometimes still used.

Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nj  
n
n
i
n
y
n nj nj
[Old Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom]
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Coptic: ⲛ̄- (n̄-), ⲙ̄- (m̄-)

Etymology 2

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Oréal hypothesizes that nj originated as a verb expressing nonexistence or absence in a stative construction, drawing a speculative connection with the attested verb nj (“to rebuff, to drive away”).[1]

A cognate relation to Proto-Semitic *lā (“no, not”) has also been suggested.

Particle

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D35

 proclitic

  1. (Old Egyptian, with a following noun or pronoun) there is no, there are no; introduces an independent negated existential clause
  2. (Old Egyptian) not; negates any sentence
  3. (Middle Egyptian) not; negates a nominal sentence, an adjectival sentence of possession, or the rheme of an emphatic clause (used with js; see Usage Notes below)
  4. (Middle Egyptian) not; negates most verbal predicates besides infinitival, imperative, and subjunctive forms; forms the negation of the perfect, perfect passive, terminative, perfective, imperfective, prospective, and prospective passive.
  5. no, not any; negates an individual noun
  6. not; negates other individual words
Usage notes
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  • When used alone, nj negates the individual word or verbal predicate following it.
  • When negating (nonverbal) nominal sentences, adjectival sentences of possession (which start with the genitival adjective n(j)
    n
    ), and rhemes of emphatic clauses, this particle is typically followed by the first element of the negated clause and then the negative particle js. In Middle Egyptian it cannot negate adjectival sentences which do not indicate possession, nor adverbial sentences, which are instead negated by nn. It also cannot negate verbal sentences that are not emphatic, so the presence of a verb between nj and js always indicates an emphatic clause.
  • nj combines with a number of other words to form negative particles with more specialised meanings, for which see the next section.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nj  
D35ii
ny
[Old Kingdom]
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • >? Late Egyptian: bw

Etymology 3

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n (“to, for”) +‎ -j (adverbializing suffix).

Adverb

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n
y
  1. for it, to it, thereto, therefor
  2. because of it, therefore
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nj  
n
n
i i
n ny
[Old Kingdom]
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Preposition

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D35
  1. Alternative form (before a noun) of n (“to, for”)

References

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  1. ^ Oréal, Elsa (2022) “The negative existential cycle in Ancient Egyptian” in Ljuba Veselinova & Arja Hamari (eds.), The Negative Existential Cycle, Berlin: Language Science Press, pages 197–230

Fula

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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nj (lower case, upper case Nj)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

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See also

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Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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  • Nj (uppercase)

Pronunciation

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Letter

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nj (Cyrillic spelling њ)

  1. The 20th (digraph) letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by n and followed by o.

Pronoun

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nj (Cyrillic spelling њ)

  1. him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))
  2. it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))

Declension

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    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma
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