zua

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-zua (infinitive kuzua)

1. to spark (to trigger into activity)
2. to fabricate, invent

Conjugation

Conjugation of -zua
Positive present -nazua Subjunctive -zue Negative -zui Imperative singular zua
Infinitives
Positive kuzua Negative kutozua
Imperatives
Singular zua Plural zueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huzua Positive past positive subject concord + -lizua Negative past negative subject concord + -kuzua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazua) Singular Plural 1st person ninazua/nazua tunazua 2nd person unazua mnazua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anazua wanazua other classes positive subject concord + -nazua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -zui) Singular Plural 1st person sizui hatuzui 2nd person huzui hamzui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hazui hawazui other classes negative subject concord + -zui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tazua Negative future negative subject concord + -tazua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zue) Singular Plural 1st person nizue tuzue 2nd person uzue mzue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) azue wazue other classes positive subject concord + -zue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sizue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngezua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singezua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalizua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalizua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azua) Singular Plural 1st person nazua twazua 2nd person wazua mwazua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) azua wazua m-mi(III/IV) wazua yazua ji-ma(V/VI) lazua yazua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chazua vyazua n(IX/X) yazua zazua u(XI) wazua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwazua pa(XVI) pazua mu(XVIII) mwazua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mezua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshazua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jazua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kizua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipozua Consecutive kazua / positive subject concord + -kazua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kazue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nizua -tuzua 2nd person -kuzua -wazua/-kuzueni/-wazueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mzua -wazua m-mi(III/IV) -uzua -izua ji-ma(V/VI) -lizua -yazua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kizua -vizua n(IX/X) -izua -zizua u(XI) -uzua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuzua pa(XVI) -pazua mu(XVIII) -muzua Reflexive -jizua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -zuaye -zuao m-mi(III/IV) -zuao -zuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -zualo -zuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -zuacho -zuavyo n(IX/X) -zuayo -zuazo u(XI) -zuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -zuako pa(XVI) -zuapo mu(XVIII) -zuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yezua -ozua m-mi(III/IV) -ozua -yozua ji-ma(V/VI) -lozua -yozua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chozua -vyozua n(IX/X) -yozua -zozua u(XI) -ozua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kozua pa(XVI) -pozua mu(XVIII) -mozua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -zusha
  • Reciprocal: -zuana