zindua

Swahili

FWOTD – 3 February 2021

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ziˈⁿdu.ɑ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-zindua (infinitive kuzindua)

1. Conversive form of -zinda:
   1. to launch, to inaugurate
      • 2013, Nyayo Za Obama: Ni Rajua Za Ujasiri, page 202:

        Mnamo mwaka 1945, Marekani pamoja na nchi rafiki zilizindua Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa (IMF) […]

        In the year 1945, the United States, together with friendly nations, launched the International Monetary Fund (IMF) […]

   2. to awaken, arouse
   3. to disenchant

Conjugation

Conjugation of -zindua
Positive present -nazindua Subjunctive -zindue Negative -zindui Imperative singular zindua
Infinitives
Positive kuzindua Negative kutozindua
Imperatives
Singular zindua Plural zindueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huzindua Positive past positive subject concord + -lizindua Negative past negative subject concord + -kuzindua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazindua) Singular Plural 1st person ninazindua/nazindua tunazindua 2nd person unazindua mnazindua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anazindua wanazindua other classes positive subject concord + -nazindua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -zindui) Singular Plural 1st person sizindui hatuzindui 2nd person huzindui hamzindui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hazindui hawazindui other classes negative subject concord + -zindui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tazindua Negative future negative subject concord + -tazindua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zindue) Singular Plural 1st person nizindue tuzindue 2nd person uzindue mzindue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) azindue wazindue other classes positive subject concord + -zindue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sizindue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngezindua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singezindua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalizindua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalizindua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azindua) Singular Plural 1st person nazindua twazindua 2nd person wazindua mwazindua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) azindua wazindua m-mi(III/IV) wazindua yazindua ji-ma(V/VI) lazindua yazindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chazindua vyazindua n(IX/X) yazindua zazindua u(XI) wazindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwazindua pa(XVI) pazindua mu(XVIII) mwazindua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mezindua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshazindua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jazindua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kizindua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipozindua Consecutive kazindua / positive subject concord + -kazindua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kazindue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nizindua -tuzindua 2nd person -kuzindua -wazindua/-kuzindueni/-wazindueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mzindua -wazindua m-mi(III/IV) -uzindua -izindua ji-ma(V/VI) -lizindua -yazindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kizindua -vizindua n(IX/X) -izindua -zizindua u(XI) -uzindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuzindua pa(XVI) -pazindua mu(XVIII) -muzindua Reflexive -jizindua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zindua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -zinduaye -zinduao m-mi(III/IV) -zinduao -zinduayo ji-ma(V/VI) -zindualo -zinduayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -zinduacho -zinduavyo n(IX/X) -zinduayo -zinduazo u(XI) -zinduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -zinduako pa(XVI) -zinduapo mu(XVIII) -zinduamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zindua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yezindua -ozindua m-mi(III/IV) -ozindua -yozindua ji-ma(V/VI) -lozindua -yozindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chozindua -vyozindua n(IX/X) -yozindua -zozindua u(XI) -ozindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kozindua pa(XVI) -pozindua mu(XVIII) -mozindua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • uzinduzi (“inauguration”)