yok

See also: yök

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɒk/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒk

Etymology 1

Noun

yok (plural yoks)

1. Alternative form of yock

Verb

yok (third-person singular simple present yoks, present participle yokking, simple past and past participle yokked)

1. Alternative form of yock

Etymology 2

Reversal of goy, with final devoicing.

Alternative forms

• Yok

Noun

yok (plural yoks)

1. (derogatory) A non-Jew; a Gentile.
   • 1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 43:

     [W]e had not only won the cup but also a great moral victory over the yoks.

   • 2006, Howard Jacobson, Kalooki Nights, Vintage, published 2007, page 162:

     I'd been warned about just such a day, when the yoks would come with their white-boned fists and start knocking us about.

Marshallese

Alternative forms

• eok
• yuk

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [e̯okʷ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jekʷ/
• Bender phonemes: {yȩkʷ}

Pronoun

yok

1. you (singular); thou.

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Mbula

Noun

yok

1. water

References

• Robert D. Bugenhagen, Salme E. Bugenhagen, Ro ta ipiyooto sua Mbula Uunu = Mbula-English dictionary (2007, SIL)

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ȝocke, ȝok, ȝoke, ȝook, ȝoocke, jok, yoke, yokke
• ȝeoce, ȝocc, iuc (Early Middle English)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English ġeoc, from Proto-West Germanic *juk, *jok, from Proto-Germanic *juką, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Forms with a long vowel are either leveled from inflected forms or influenced by the verb yoken, where open-syllable lengthening took place.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔk/, /jɒːk/, /jɔːk/

Noun

yok (plural yokes)

1. yoke (attachment connecting animals to a farm implement).
2. A yoked group of draught animals.
3. (figuratively) Regulation; limits or their imposition:
   1. A restriction or limit; that which restrains.
   2. Bondage, subjection; lack of freedom.
   3. Marriage; the marital bond.
4. Something resembling a yoke.
5. (rare) A challenge, burden or load.

Related terms

• yoken

Descendants

• English: yoke (obsolete yock)
• Middle Scots: ȝok, ȝoke, ȝock, ȝocke, yok, yoke
  • Scots: yoke, yock

References

• “yōke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Tocharian B

Etymology 1

Possibly specialized in meaning from the sense for "hair" > "hair color" > "color"; see Etymology 2 below.

Noun

yok m sg

1. color

Adjective

yok (masculine singular accusative yokäṃ, masculine plural nominative yokäñ, feminine singular accusative yokäññai, feminine plural nominative yokäñña)

1. colored

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Adams speculates about the relation with the hapax legomenon in Vedic Sanskrit याशु (yāśu) etc., which he reads as "pubic hair", and Old Armenian ասր (asr, “fleece”).

Noun

yok n (plural yākwa)

1. hair
2. wool

Turkish

Alternative forms

• (colloquial) yoo
• (regional) yoh, yog, yoğ

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish یوق (yok), from Proto-Turkic *yōk. Compare Old Turkic 𐰖𐰸 (yok).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjok/, (colloquial) /ˈjoː/, (regional) /ˈjoχ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

yok

1. absent, nonexistent, not there

   Antonym: var

   Kitapta 150 sayfa yok. ― There aren't 150 pages in the book.

2. prohibited, forbidden

   Synonym: yasak

   Sigara içmek yok! ― No smoking (cigarettes)!)

Declension

Predicative forms of yok

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	yokum	yok muyum?
sen (you are)	yoksun	yok musun?
o (he/she/it is)	yok / yoktur	yok mu?
biz (we are)	yokuz	yok muyuz?
siz (you are)	yoksunuz	yok musunuz?
onlar (they are)	yok(lar)	yok(lar) mı?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	yoktum	yok muydum?
sen (you were)	yoktun	yok muydun?
o (he/she/it was)	yoktu	yok muydu?
biz (we were)	yoktuk	yok muyduk?
siz (you were)	yoktunuz	yok muydunuz?
onlar (they were)	yoktular	yok muydular?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	yokmuşum	yok muymuşum?
sen (you were)	yokmuşsun	yok muymuşsun?
o (he/she/it was)	yokmuş	yok muymuş?
biz (we were)	yokmuşuz	yok muymuşuz?
siz (you were)	yokmuşsunuz	yok muymuşsunuz?
onlar (they were)	yokmuşlar	yok muymuşlar?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	yoksam	yok muysam?
sen (if you)	yoksan	yok muysan?
o (if he/she/it)	yoksa	yok muysa?
biz (if we)	yoksak	yok muysak?
siz (if you)	yoksanız	yok muysanız?
onlar (if they)	yoksalar	yok muysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Predicative forms of yok

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	yoğum	yok muyum?
sen (you are)	yoksun	yok musun?
o (he/she/it is)	yok / yoktur	yok mu?
biz (we are)	yoğuz	yok muyuz?
siz (you are)	yoksunuz	yok musunuz?
onlar (they are)	yok(lar)	yok(lar) mı?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	yoktum	yok muydum?
sen (you were)	yoktun	yok muydun?
o (he/she/it was)	yoktu	yok muydu?
biz (we were)	yoktuk	yok muyduk?
siz (you were)	yoktunuz	yok muydunuz?
onlar (they were)	yoktular	yok muydular?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	yokmuşum	yok muymuşum?
sen (you were)	yokmuşsun	yok muymuşsun?
o (he/she/it was)	yokmuş	yok muymuş?
biz (we were)	yokmuşuz	yok muymuşuz?
siz (you were)	yokmuşsunuz	yok muymuşsunuz?
onlar (they were)	yokmuşlar	yok muymuşlar?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	yoksam	yok muysam?
sen (if you)	yoksan	yok muysan?
o (if he/she/it)	yoksa	yok muysa?
biz (if we)	yoksak	yok muysak?
siz (if you)	yoksanız	yok muysanız?
onlar (if they)	yoksalar	yok muysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Derived terms

• hiç yoktan
• yok ananın örekesi
• yok canım
• yok devenin başı
• yok etmek
• yok pahasına
• yok satmak
• yok yere
• yok yok
• yokçu
• yoklamak
• yoksa
• yoksul
• yoksun
• yoktan var etmek

Noun

yok (definite accusative yoku or yoğu, plural yoklar)

1. something that doesn't exist
2. nonexistence

Derived terms

• vara yoğa
• varı yoğu

Interjection

yok

1. no, nope

   Synonym: hayır

Conjunction

yok

1. Used between two contrasting conditional clauses, conveying a negative meaning to the latter, similar to yoksa.

   Verdiler, ne âlâ; yok vermediler, döner gelirsin. ― If they give it, very well; if they don't, you'll just come back.

2. Used to denote sarcastic disbelief or belittlement to what someone else has said.

   Yok kâğıdı kalmamış, yok mürekkebi iyi değilmiş, hasılı bir alay bahaneler! ― He didn't have paper left, his ink wasn't good, whole bunch of excuses!

Further reading

• “yok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yok”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5347

Volapük

Noun

yok (nominative plural yoks)

1. yoke

Declension

Declension of yok

	singular	plural
nominative	yok	yoks
genitive	yoka	yokas
dative	yoke	yokes
accusative	yoki	yokis
vocative 1	o yok!	o yoks!
predicative 2	yoku	yokus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only