vunja

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-vunja (infinitive kuvunja)

1. to break, demolish, damage, smash

   kuvunja ahadi ― to break a promise

   kuvunja rekodi ― to break a record

2. to frustrate, discourage, disappoint

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vunja
Positive present -navunja Subjunctive -vunje Negative -vunji Imperative singular vunja
Infinitives
Positive kuvunja Negative kutovunja
Imperatives
Singular vunja Plural vunjeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvunja Positive past positive subject concord + -livunja Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvunja
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunja) Singular Plural 1st person ninavunja/navunja tunavunja 2nd person unavunja mnavunja 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavunja wanavunja other classes positive subject concord + -navunja
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vunji) Singular Plural 1st person sivunji hatuvunji 2nd person huvunji hamvunji 3rd person m-wa(I/II) havunji hawavunji other classes negative subject concord + -vunji
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavunja Negative future negative subject concord + -tavunja
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunje) Singular Plural 1st person nivunje tuvunje 2nd person uvunje mvunje 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunje wavunje other classes positive subject concord + -vunje
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivunje Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevunja Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevunja Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivunja Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivunja
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunja) Singular Plural 1st person navunja twavunja 2nd person wavunja mwavunja 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunja wavunja m-mi(III/IV) wavunja yavunja ji-ma(V/VI) lavunja yavunja ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavunja vyavunja n(IX/X) yavunja zavunja u(XI) wavunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwavunja pa(XVI) pavunja mu(XVIII) mwavunja
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevunja "Already" positive subject concord + -meshavunja "Not yet" negative subject concord + -javunja "If/When" positive subject concord + -kivunja "If not" positive subject concord + -sipovunja Consecutive kavunja / positive subject concord + -kavunja Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavunje
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nivunja -tuvunja 2nd person -kuvunja -wavunja/-kuvunjeni/-wavunjeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvunja -wavunja m-mi(III/IV) -uvunja -ivunja ji-ma(V/VI) -livunja -yavunja ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivunja -vivunja n(IX/X) -ivunja -zivunja u(XI) -uvunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuvunja pa(XVI) -pavunja mu(XVIII) -muvunja Reflexive -jivunja
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunja- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -vunjaye -vunjao m-mi(III/IV) -vunjao -vunjayo ji-ma(V/VI) -vunjalo -vunjayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vunjacho -vunjavyo n(IX/X) -vunjayo -vunjazo u(XI) -vunjao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -vunjako pa(XVI) -vunjapo mu(XVIII) -vunjamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunja) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yevunja -ovunja m-mi(III/IV) -ovunja -yovunja ji-ma(V/VI) -lovunja -yovunja ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovunja -vyovunja n(IX/X) -yovunja -zovunja u(XI) -ovunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kovunja pa(XVI) -povunja mu(XVIII) -movunja
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -vunjia
  • Causative: -vunjisha
  • Passive: -vunjwa
  • Reciprocal: -vunjana
  • Stative: -vunjika