tumaini

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic طَمِعَ (ṭamiʕa).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tumaini (infinitive kutumaini)

1. to hope (to want something to happen)
2. to believe, expect

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tumaini
Positive present -natumaini Subjunctive -tumaini Negative -tumaini Imperative singular tumaini
Infinitives
Positive kutumaini Negative kutotumaini
Imperatives
Singular tumaini Plural tumainini
Tensed forms
Habitual hutumaini Positive past positive subject concord + -litumaini Negative past negative subject concord + -kutumaini
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natumaini) Singular Plural 1st person ninatumaini/natumaini tunatumaini 2nd person unatumaini mnatumaini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatumaini wanatumaini other classes positive subject concord + -natumaini
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tumaini) Singular Plural 1st person situmaini hatutumaini 2nd person hutumaini hamtumaini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatumaini hawatumaini other classes negative subject concord + -tumaini
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatumaini Negative future negative subject concord + -tatumaini
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tumaini) Singular Plural 1st person nitumaini tutumaini 2nd person utumaini mtumaini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atumaini watumaini other classes positive subject concord + -tumaini
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situmaini Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetumaini Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetumaini Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitumaini Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitumaini
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atumaini) Singular Plural 1st person natumaini twatumaini 2nd person watumaini mwatumaini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atumaini watumaini m-mi(III/IV) watumaini yatumaini ji-ma(V/VI) latumaini yatumaini ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatumaini vyatumaini n(IX/X) yatumaini zatumaini u(XI) watumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatumaini pa(XVI) patumaini mu(XVIII) mwatumaini
Perfect positive subject concord + -metumaini "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatumaini "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatumaini "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitumaini "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotumaini Consecutive katumaini / positive subject concord + -katumaini Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katumaini
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitumaini -tutumaini 2nd person -kutumaini -watumaini/-kutumainini/-watumainini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtumaini -watumaini m-mi(III/IV) -utumaini -itumaini ji-ma(V/VI) -litumaini -yatumaini ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitumaini -vitumaini n(IX/X) -itumaini -zitumaini u(XI) -utumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutumaini pa(XVI) -patumaini mu(XVIII) -mutumaini Reflexive -jitumaini
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tumaini- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tumainiye -tumainio m-mi(III/IV) -tumainio -tumainiyo ji-ma(V/VI) -tumainilo -tumainiyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tumainicho -tumainivyo n(IX/X) -tumainiyo -tumainizo u(XI) -tumainio see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tumainiko pa(XVI) -tumainipo mu(XVIII) -tumainimo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tumaini) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetumaini -otumaini m-mi(III/IV) -otumaini -yotumaini ji-ma(V/VI) -lotumaini -yotumaini ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotumaini -vyotumaini n(IX/X) -yotumaini -zotumaini u(XI) -otumaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotumaini pa(XVI) -potumaini mu(XVIII) -motumaini
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -tumainisha (“give hope to”)
  • Passive: -tumainiwa (“be expected to”)

Noun

tumaini class V (plural matumaini class VI)

1. belief, expectation
2. (often in the plural) hope