temperar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāre. Doublet of temprar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [təm.pəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [tem.peˈɾaɾ]

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperí, past participle temperat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

1. (transitive) to moderate

   Synonyms: moderar, assuaujar

2. (transitive, music) to temper

   Synonym: temprar

3. (pronominal) to adapt

   Synonyms: acomodar-se, adaptar-se

Conjugation

    Conjugation of temperar (first conjugation)

infinitive			temperar
gerund			temperant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		temperat		temperada
		plural		temperats		temperades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	tempero	temperes	tempera	temperem	tempereu	temperen
	imperfect	temperava	temperaves	temperava	temperàvem	temperàveu	temperaven
	future	temperaré	temperaràs	temperarà	temperarem	temperareu	temperaran
	preterite	temperí	temperares	temperà	temperàrem	temperàreu	temperaren
	conditional	temperaria	temperaries	temperaria	temperaríem	temperaríeu	temperarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	temperi	temperis	temperi	temperem	tempereu	temperin
	imperfect	temperés	temperessis	temperés	temperéssim	temperéssiu	temperessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	tempera	temperi	temperem	tempereu	temperin
	negative (no)	—	no temperis	no temperi	no temperem	no tempereu	no temperin

Related terms

• temperància

Further reading

• “temperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Alternative forms

• atemperar

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese temperar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), Latin tempero, temperare (“to mix, to temper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tempeˈɾaɾ]

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperei, past participle temperado)

1. to mix or combine properly

   Synonym: mesturar

2. to tune

   Synonym: afinar

   • 1814, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Romance:

     Repinicáde o pandeiro,
     Nenas dos portos de mar;
     Para tocálo Rianxo
     E a Avia para bailar.
     O Miño tempére a gaita,
     Anque marre o brencellau;
     E mais que non quede pinga,
     Xarro tras xarro e brindár.
     Os barrosos e pardiños,
     Xuro a brios, que an de danzar,
     Sin que o estorven as cadrillas
     Dos valentes Roquetaus.

     Ring your tambourine,
     girls from the sea harbours;
     [best] at playing it, Rianxo;
     the land of Avia, at dancing.
     Let the Miño tune the bagpipe,
     even if the good wine is not enough;
     Do not leave a drop,
     pitcher after pitcher and toast.
     Highlanders and lowlanders,
     I swear they ought to dance,
     no fault on the teams
     of the valiant people of Lemos.

3. to temper

   Synonym: regular

4. to warm up or to cool down to the desired temperature

Conjugation

    Conjugation of temperar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	temperar
Personal	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperaren
Gerund
	temperando
Past participle
Masculine	temperado			temperados
Feminine	temperada			temperadas
Indicative
Present	tempero	temperas	tempera	temperamos	temperades	temperan
Imperfect	temperaba	temperabas	temperaba	temperabamos	temperabades	temperaban
Preterite	temperei	temperaches	temperou	temperamos	temperastes	temperaron
Pluperfect	temperara	temperaras	temperara	temperaramos	temperarades	temperaran
Future	temperarei	temperarás	temperará	temperaremos	temperaredes	temperarán
Conditional	temperaría	temperarías	temperaría	temperariamos	temperariades	temperarían
Subjunctive
Present	tempere	temperes	tempere	temperemos	temperedes	temperen
Imperfect	temperase	temperases	temperase	temperásemos	temperásedes	temperasen
Future	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperaren
Imperative
Affirmative		tempera	tempere	temperemos	temperade	temperen
Negative (non)		non temperes	non tempere	non temperemos	non temperedes	non temperen

    Reintegrated conjugation of temperar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	temperar
Personal	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperarem
Gerund
	temperando
Past participle
Masculine	temperado			temperados
Feminine	temperada			temperadas
Indicative
Present	tempero	temperas	tempera	temperamos	temperades, temperais	temperam
Imperfect	temperava	temperavas	temperava	temperávamos	temperávades, temperáveis, temperávais1	temperavam
Preterite	temperei	temperaste, temperache1	temperou	temperamos	temperastes	temperárom, temperaram
Pluperfect	temperara	temperaras	temperara	temperáramos	temperárades, temperáreis, temperárais1	temperaram
Future	temperarei	temperarás	temperará	temperaremos	temperaredes, temperareis	temperarám, temperarão
Conditional	temperaria	temperarias	temperaria	temperaríamos	temperaríades, temperaríeis, temperaríais1	temperariam
Subjunctive
Present	tempere	temperes	tempere	temperemos	temperedes, tempereis	temperem
Imperfect	temperasse	temperasses	temperasse	temperássemos	temperássedes, temperásseis	temperassem
Future	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperarem
Imperative
Affirmative		tempera	tempere	temperemos	temperade, temperai	temperem
Negative (nom)		nom temperes	nom tempere	nom temperemos	nom temperedes, nom tempereis	nom temperem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• tempero

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “temperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tenper”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “temperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “temperar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “temperar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “temperar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “temperar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāre (“to mix, to temper”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tẽ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tẽ.peˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tẽ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tẽ.peˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /tẽ.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /tẽ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tẽ.peˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /tẽ.peˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tẽ.pɨˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tẽ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tẽ.pɨˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧rar

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperei, past participle temperado)

1. to season (to flavour food)
2. to temper (metal)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of temperar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	temperar
Personal	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperarem
Gerund
	temperando
Past participle
Masculine	temperado			temperados
Feminine	temperada			temperadas
Indicative
Present	tempero	temperas	tempera	temperamos	temperais	temperam
Imperfect	temperava	temperavas	temperava	temperávamos	temperáveis	temperavam
Preterite	temperei	temperaste	temperou	temperamos1, temperámos2	temperastes	temperaram
Pluperfect	temperara	temperaras	temperara	temperáramos	temperáreis	temperaram
Future	temperarei	temperarás	temperará	temperaremos	temperareis	temperarão
Conditional	temperaria	temperarias	temperaria	temperaríamos	temperaríeis	temperariam
Subjunctive
Present	tempere	temperes	tempere	temperemos	tempereis	temperem
Imperfect	temperasse	temperasses	temperasse	temperássemos	temperásseis	temperassem
Future	temperar	temperares	temperar	temperarmos	temperardes	temperarem
Imperative
Affirmative		tempera	tempere	temperemos	temperai	temperem
Negative (não)		não temperes	não tempere	não temperemos	não tempereis	não temperem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• tempero
• temperança

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāre. Doublet of templar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tempeˈɾaɾ/ [t̪ẽm.peˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: tem‧pe‧rar

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperé, past participle temperado)

1. (transitive) to temper (to moderate or control)

   Synonyms: atemperar, templar

2. to soften
3. to calm

Conjugation

    Conjugation of temperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			temperar
gerund			temperando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		temperado		temperada
		plural		temperados		temperadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tempero	temperastú temperásvos	tempera	temperamos	temperáis	temperan
	imperfect	temperaba	temperabas	temperaba	temperábamos	temperabais	temperaban
	preterite	temperé	temperaste	temperó	temperamos	temperasteis	temperaron
	future	temperaré	temperarás	temperará	temperaremos	temperaréis	temperarán
	conditional	temperaría	temperarías	temperaría	temperaríamos	temperaríais	temperarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tempere	temperestú temperésvos2	tempere	temperemos	temperéis	temperen
	imperfect (ra)	temperara	temperaras	temperara	temperáramos	temperarais	temperaran
	imperfect (se)	temperase	temperases	temperase	temperásemos	temperaseis	temperasen
	future1	temperare	temperares	temperare	temperáremos	temperareis	temperaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		temperatú temperávos	tempere	temperemos	temperad	temperen
	negative		no temperes	no tempere	no temperemos	no temperéis	no temperen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of temperar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive temperar	dative	temperarme	temperarte	temperarle, temperarse	temperarnos	temperaros	temperarles, temperarse
	accusative	temperarme	temperarte	temperarlo, temperarla, temperarse	temperarnos	temperaros	temperarlos, temperarlas, temperarse
with gerund temperando	dative	temperándome	temperándote	temperándole, temperándose	temperándonos	temperándoos	temperándoles, temperándose
	accusative	temperándome	temperándote	temperándolo, temperándola, temperándose	temperándonos	temperándoos	temperándolos, temperándolas, temperándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative tempera	dative	tempérame	températe	tempérale	tempéranos	not used	tempérales
	accusative	tempérame	températe	tempéralo, tempérala	tempéranos	not used	tempéralos, tempéralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative temperá	dative	temperame	temperate	temperale	temperanos	not used	temperales
	accusative	temperame	temperate	temperalo, temperala	temperanos	not used	temperalos, temperalas
with formal second-person singular imperative tempere	dative	tempéreme	not used	tempérele, tempérese	tempérenos	not used	tempéreles
	accusative	tempéreme	not used	tempérelo, tempérela, tempérese	tempérenos	not used	tempérelos, tempérelas
with first-person plural imperative temperemos	dative	not used	temperémoste	temperémosle	temperémonos	temperémoos	temperémosles
	accusative	not used	temperémoste	temperémoslo, temperémosla	temperémonos	temperémoos	temperémoslos, temperémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative temperad	dative	temperadme	not used	temperadle	temperadnos	temperaos	temperadles
	accusative	temperadme	not used	temperadlo, temperadla	temperadnos	temperaos	temperadlos, temperadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative temperen	dative	tempérenme	not used	tempérenle	tempérennos	not used	tempérenles, tempérense
	accusative	tempérenme	not used	tempérenlo, tempérenla	tempérennos	not used	tempérenlos, tempérenlas, tempérense

Related terms

• temperancia

 

Further reading

• “temperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10