shutumu

Swahili

Alternative forms

• -shtumu

Etymology

Probably from Arabic شَتَمَ (šatama, “to berate, insult, curse”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-shutumu (infinitive kushutumu)

1. to accuse
2. to denounce (to criticize or speak out against), reproach

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shutumu
Positive present -nashutumu Subjunctive -shutumu Negative -shutumu Imperative singular shutumu
Infinitives
Positive kushutumu Negative kutoshutumu
Imperatives
Singular shutumu Plural shutumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushutumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lishutumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kushutumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashutumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninashutumu/nashutumu tunashutumu 2nd person unashutumu mnashutumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashutumu wanashutumu other classes positive subject concord + -nashutumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shutumu) Singular Plural 1st person sishutumu hatushutumu 2nd person hushutumu hamshutumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashutumu hawashutumu other classes negative subject concord + -shutumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashutumu Negative future negative subject concord + -tashutumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shutumu) Singular Plural 1st person nishutumu tushutumu 2nd person ushutumu mshutumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashutumu washutumu other classes positive subject concord + -shutumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishutumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshutumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshutumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishutumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishutumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashutumu) Singular Plural 1st person nashutumu twashutumu 2nd person washutumu mwashutumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashutumu washutumu m-mi(III/IV) washutumu yashutumu ji-ma(V/VI) lashutumu yashutumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashutumu vyashutumu n(IX/X) yashutumu zashutumu u(XI) washutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashutumu pa(XVI) pashutumu mu(XVIII) mwashutumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshutumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashutumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashutumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishutumu "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhutumu Consecutive kashutumu / positive subject concord + -kashutumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashutumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishutumu -tushutumu 2nd person -kushutumu -washutumu/-kushutumuni/-washutumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshutumu -washutumu m-mi(III/IV) -ushutumu -ishutumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lishutumu -yashutumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishutumu -vishutumu n(IX/X) -ishutumu -zishutumu u(XI) -ushutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushutumu pa(XVI) -pashutumu mu(XVIII) -mushutumu Reflexive -jishutumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shutumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shutumuye -shutumuo m-mi(III/IV) -shutumuo -shutumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -shutumulo -shutumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shutumucho -shutumuvyo n(IX/X) -shutumuyo -shutumuzo u(XI) -shutumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shutumuko pa(XVI) -shutumupo mu(XVIII) -shutumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shutumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshutumu -oshutumu m-mi(III/IV) -oshutumu -yoshutumu ji-ma(V/VI) -loshutumu -yoshutumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshutumu -vyoshutumu n(IX/X) -yoshutumu -zoshutumu u(XI) -oshutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshutumu pa(XVI) -poshutumu mu(XVIII) -moshutumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Related terms

• shutuma (“accusation”)