shtumu

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-shtumu (infinitive kushtumu)

1. Alternative form of -shutumu

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtumu
Positive present -nashtumu Subjunctive -shtumu Negative -shtumu Imperative singular shtumu
Infinitives
Positive kushtumu Negative kutoshtumu
Imperatives
Singular shtumu Plural shtumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushtumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lishtumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kushtumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninashtumu/nashtumu tunashtumu 2nd person unashtumu mnashtumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashtumu wanashtumu other classes positive subject concord + -nashtumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtumu) Singular Plural 1st person sishtumu hatushtumu 2nd person hushtumu hamshtumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashtumu hawashtumu other classes negative subject concord + -shtumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashtumu Negative future negative subject concord + -tashtumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtumu) Singular Plural 1st person nishtumu tushtumu 2nd person ushtumu mshtumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtumu washtumu other classes positive subject concord + -shtumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishtumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshtumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshtumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishtumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishtumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtumu) Singular Plural 1st person nashtumu twashtumu 2nd person washtumu mwashtumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtumu washtumu m-mi(III/IV) washtumu yashtumu ji-ma(V/VI) lashtumu yashtumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashtumu vyashtumu n(IX/X) yashtumu zashtumu u(XI) washtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashtumu pa(XVI) pashtumu mu(XVIII) mwashtumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshtumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashtumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashtumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishtumu "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhtumu Consecutive kashtumu / positive subject concord + -kashtumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashtumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishtumu -tushtumu 2nd person -kushtumu -washtumu/-kushtumuni/-washtumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshtumu -washtumu m-mi(III/IV) -ushtumu -ishtumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lishtumu -yashtumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishtumu -vishtumu n(IX/X) -ishtumu -zishtumu u(XI) -ushtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushtumu pa(XVI) -pashtumu mu(XVIII) -mushtumu Reflexive -jishtumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shtumuye -shtumuo m-mi(III/IV) -shtumuo -shtumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -shtumulo -shtumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shtumucho -shtumuvyo n(IX/X) -shtumuyo -shtumuzo u(XI) -shtumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shtumuko pa(XVI) -shtumupo mu(XVIII) -shtumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshtumu -oshtumu m-mi(III/IV) -oshtumu -yoshtumu ji-ma(V/VI) -loshtumu -yoshtumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshtumu -vyoshtumu n(IX/X) -yoshtumu -zoshtumu u(XI) -oshtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshtumu pa(XVI) -poshtumu mu(XVIII) -moshtumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.