shuhudia

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic شُهُود (šuhūd).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-shuhudia (infinitive kushuhudia)

1. to witness

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shuhudia
Positive present -nashuhudia Subjunctive -shuhudie Negative -shuhudii Imperative singular shuhudia
Infinitives
Positive kushuhudia Negative kutoshuhudia
Imperatives
Singular shuhudia Plural shuhudieni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushuhudia Positive past positive subject concord + -lishuhudia Negative past negative subject concord + -kushuhudia
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashuhudia) Singular Plural 1st person ninashuhudia/nashuhudia tunashuhudia 2nd person unashuhudia mnashuhudia 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashuhudia wanashuhudia other classes positive subject concord + -nashuhudia
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shuhudii) Singular Plural 1st person sishuhudii hatushuhudii 2nd person hushuhudii hamshuhudii 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashuhudii hawashuhudii other classes negative subject concord + -shuhudii
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashuhudia Negative future negative subject concord + -tashuhudia
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shuhudie) Singular Plural 1st person nishuhudie tushuhudie 2nd person ushuhudie mshuhudie 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashuhudie washuhudie other classes positive subject concord + -shuhudie
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishuhudie Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshuhudia Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshuhudia Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishuhudia Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishuhudia
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashuhudia) Singular Plural 1st person nashuhudia twashuhudia 2nd person washuhudia mwashuhudia 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashuhudia washuhudia m-mi(III/IV) washuhudia yashuhudia ji-ma(V/VI) lashuhudia yashuhudia ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashuhudia vyashuhudia n(IX/X) yashuhudia zashuhudia u(XI) washuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashuhudia pa(XVI) pashuhudia mu(XVIII) mwashuhudia
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshuhudia "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashuhudia "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashuhudia "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishuhudia "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhuhudia Consecutive kashuhudia / positive subject concord + -kashuhudia Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashuhudie
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishuhudia -tushuhudia 2nd person -kushuhudia -washuhudia/-kushuhudieni/-washuhudieni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshuhudia -washuhudia m-mi(III/IV) -ushuhudia -ishuhudia ji-ma(V/VI) -lishuhudia -yashuhudia ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishuhudia -vishuhudia n(IX/X) -ishuhudia -zishuhudia u(XI) -ushuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushuhudia pa(XVI) -pashuhudia mu(XVIII) -mushuhudia Reflexive -jishuhudia
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shuhudia- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shuhudiaye -shuhudiao m-mi(III/IV) -shuhudiao -shuhudiayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shuhudialo -shuhudiayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shuhudiacho -shuhudiavyo n(IX/X) -shuhudiayo -shuhudiazo u(XI) -shuhudiao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shuhudiako pa(XVI) -shuhudiapo mu(XVIII) -shuhudiamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shuhudia) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshuhudia -oshuhudia m-mi(III/IV) -oshuhudia -yoshuhudia ji-ma(V/VI) -loshuhudia -yoshuhudia ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshuhudia -vyoshuhudia n(IX/X) -yoshuhudia -zoshuhudia u(XI) -oshuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshuhudia pa(XVI) -poshuhudia mu(XVIII) -moshuhudia
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -shuhudiwa (“to be witnessed”)

Related terms

• shahidi (“witness, martyr”)